Cohors I Alpinorum (Dacia)

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The Cohors I Alpinorum [equitata] [Antoniniana] ( German  1st cohort of alpine inhabitants [partly mounted] [the Antoninian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps.

Name components
  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Alpinorum : the alpine dweller. When the unit was established, the soldiers of the cohort were recruited from tribes that settled in the Alps.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition occurs in inscriptions.
  • Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorary title that refers to Caracalla (211-217). The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Britannia , Moesia superior, and Dacia (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 103 to 179.

The unit was probably stationed in the province of Gallia Aquitania in the early 1st century AD . Possibly she was then part of the troops that began to conquer Britain around 43 under the leadership of Aulus Plautius . The only evidence of unity in the province of Britannia is based on a diploma dated 103. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Britannia ) that were stationed in the province.

At an unspecified point in time, the unit was transferred to the province of Moesia superior . The first evidence in Moesia superior is based on a diploma dated 103/106. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 103/107, proves unity in the same province.

The cohort probably took part in Trajan's Dacer wars . Then the unit was stationed in the new province of Dacia . The first evidence in Dacia is based on a diploma dated 114. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 119 to 179, prove the unity in Dacia superior .

The last evidence of the cohort is based on an inscription dated 211/212.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Dacia may have been:

Bricks with the unit's stamps on them were found in other locations in Dacia . An inscription listing the cohort was found in Micia .

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

See also

Web links

Commons : Cohors I Alpinorum (Dacia)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to John Spaul, the soldiers came from the Alpine regions around the Roman province of Gallia cisalpina . According to Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea (2018), the soldiers were recruited from the provinces of Alpes Cottiae , Alpes Graiae and Alpes Maritimae .
  2. ↑ The scenario given here is based on three cohorts: the Cohors I Alpinorum (Dacia) , which was stationed in the provinces of Britannia , Moesia and Dacia , as well as the Cohors I Alpinorum (Pannonia, equitata) and the Cohors I Alpinorum (Pannonia, peditata ) , who were both stationed in the provinces of Pannonia and Pannonia Inferior .
  3. ↑ The participation of a Cohors I Alpinorum equitata in the Dacian War of Trajan is proven by the inscription ( AE 1939, 81 ). According to Margaret M. Roxan and Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea, the unit should have been the Cohors I Alpinorum (Dacia) .
  4. ↑ a b c d The assignment of the soldier to the cohort is controversial.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 257-263.
  2. ↑ a b c Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Auxilia Moesiae Superioris , Mega Publishing House 2018, ISBN 978-606-020-063-5 , pp. 31-33 ( online )
  3. ↑ Inscriptions with equitata ( AE 1939, 81 , CIL 3, 1183 ).
  4. ↑ a b c inscription with Antoniniana ( CIL 3, 6256 ).
  5. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 103 ( CIL 16, 48 ), 103/106 ( RMM 13 ), 103/107 ( CIL 16, 54 ), 114 ( RMD 4, 226 ), 119 ( RMD 5, 351 ), 136/138 ( RMD 5, 384 ), 142 ( ZPE-181-173 ), 144 ( CIL 16, 90 ) and 179 ( RMD 2, 123 ).
  6. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 157, 164, 169 tables 1, 8, 11 ( PDF ).
  7. ↑ Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: The Participation of the Auxiliary Troops from Moesia Superior in Trajan's Dacian Wars In: Dacia , 2006, pp. 127–140, here pp. 129–130 ( online ).
  8. ^ A b Margaret M. Roxan : Two Complete Diplomas of Pannonia Inferior: 19 May 135 and 7 Aug. 143. In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 127 (1999), pp. 249-273, here pp. 259-260 ( PDF ).
  9. ^ Bricks from Călugăreni : Stamp CP AL ( CIL 3, 08074,08d ).
  10. ^ Bricks from Praetoria Augusta : Stamp CP ALP ( IDR-03-04, 00299.1 to IDR-03-04, 00299.7 ).
  11. ↑ Bricks from Sărățeni : Stamp C ALP ( CIL 3, 08074,08e ), CP AL ( IDR-03-04, 00213,5 ) and CP ALP ( CIL 3, 08074,08b , CIL 3, 08074,08c , IDR- 03-04, 00213 , IDR-03-04, 00213.1 to 213.4).
  12. ^ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 272 ​​( online ).
  13. ^ Bricks from Sibiu : stamp CP ALP ( CIL 3, 01633,23 ).
  14. ↑ Inscription ( CIL 3, 1343 ).