Cohors I Alpinorum (Pannonia, peditata)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The military diploma of June 13, 80 AD ( CIL 16, 26 )

The Cohors I Alpinorum [peditata] [Antoniniana] ( German  1st cohort of the Alpine inhabitants [of the foot soldiers] [the Antoninian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components
  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Alpinorum : the alpine dweller. When the unit was established, the soldiers of the cohort were recruited from tribes that settled in the Alps.
  • peditata or peditum : the foot soldiers. The addition appears in the military diplomas from 139 to 193 and in two inscriptions. The variant peditum is used in a diploma .
  • Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorific designation that refers to Caracalla (211-217) or Elagabal (218-222). The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there are no references to the additions milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partly mounted) and since the addition peditata is explicitly used in military diplomas and inscriptions, it can be assumed that this is a pure infantry cohort, a Cohors quingenaria peditata . The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia and Pannonia inferior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 80 to 193.

The first evidence in Pannonia is based on a diploma dated 80. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Pannonia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, which are dated from 84 to 193, prove the unit in the same province (or from 110 in Pannonia inferior ).

A Cohors I Alpinorum is also listed on diplomas which are dated from 60 to 154/161; which of the units it is is unknown.

The last evidence of the cohort is based on an inscription dated 211/222.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Pannonia were possibly:

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

See also

Web links

Commons : Cohors I Alpinorum (Pannonia, peditata)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to John Spaul, the soldiers came from the Alpine regions around the Roman province of Gallia cisalpina . According to Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea (2018), the soldiers were recruited from the provinces of Alpes Cottiae , Alpes Graiae and Alpes Maritimae .
  2. ↑ The scenario given here is based on three cohorts: the Cohors I Alpinorum (Dacia) , which was stationed in the provinces of Britannia , Moesia and Dacia , as well as the Cohors I Alpinorum (Pannonia, equitata) and the Cohors I Alpinorum (Pannonia, peditata ) , who were both stationed in the provinces of Pannonia and Pannonia Inferior .
  3. ↑ The diplomas were issued for the provinces of Illyricum , Dalmatia and Pannonia . According to Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl, the Cohors I Alpinorum found in Illyricum and Dalmatia could be identical to one of the two units stationed in Pannonia.
  4. ↑ The assignment of the soldier to the cohort is controversial.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 257, 262-263.
  2. ↑ Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Auxilia Moesiae Superioris , Mega Publishing House 2018, ISBN 978-606-020-063-5 , p. 31 ( online )
  3. ↑ Inscriptions with peditata ( AE 2003, 1406 , CIL 3, 3318 ).
  4. ^ Military diploma with peditum ( RMD 5, 447 ).
  5. ↑ a b inscription with Antoniniana ( AE 2003, 1406 ).
  6. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 80 ( CIL 16, 26 ), 84 ( CIL 16, 30 ), 85 ( CIL 16, 31 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 164 ), 114 ( AE 2010, 1860 , CIL 16, 61 , RMD 3 , 152 ), 119 ( AE 2003, 2041 ), 135 ( RMD 4, 251 ), 143 ( RMD 4, 266 ), 144 ( RMD 5, 397 ), 148 ( CIL 16, 179 , CIL 16, 180 ), 152 ( ZPE-171-221 ), 154 ( ZPE-146-247 ), 157 ( AE 2009, 1079 , RMD 2, 102 , RMD 2, 103 ), 159 ( CIL 16, 112 , CIL 16, 113 ), 162 ( ZPE-173-223 ), 167 ( CIL 16, 123 ) and 193 ( CIL 16, 132 , RMD 5, 446 , RMD 5, 447 ).
  7. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 161, 163 Tables 5, 7 ( PDF ).
  8. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 60 ( CIL 16, 4 ), 97 ( ZPE-163-238 ), 102 ( CIL 16, 47 ) and 154/161 ( RMD 2, 110 ).
  9. ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: A constitution for the troops of the province of Dalmatia under Nerva In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 163 (2007), pp. 233-238, here p. 235.
  10. ^ Inscription from Lussonium ( CIL 3, 3318 ).
  11. ↑ Inscription from Mursa ( CIL 3, 10269 ).