Alessandro Pavolini
Alessandro Pavolini (born September 27, 1903 in Florence , † April 28, 1945 in Dongo , Lombardy ) was an Italian fascist politician, journalist and author. From 1939 to 1943 he was Italian Minister of Popular Culture , 1943 to 1945 General Secretary of the Republican Fascist Party .
Early years
Pavolini was the son of Paolo Emilio Pavolini , who was a professor of Sanskrit and ancient languages in Florence.
He studied at the University of Florence Law and later at the University of Rome political science and received his degrees with honors.
Early political career
In 1921 he became a member of the fascist party (PNF) Benito Mussolini . As a black shirt he took part in some actions in Florence, in 1922 during the march on Rome he personally led a group of the black shirts.
From this time he was responsible for the youth work of the PNF and published some propaganda papers. Through his acquaintance with the fascist leader of Florence, Luigi Ridolfi , he became his representative in 1927 and was active in politics.
From 1929 to 1934 he was the leader of the PNF in Florence. During this time he continued to regularly write articles for the newspaper Corriere della Sera , for which he continued to write years later, at the same time he organized various well-known cultural events that were supposed to anchor the fascist system in the cultural sector, such as the Calcio Fiorentino , an Italian renaissance -Sports event, the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino concert series or an art event on the Ponte Vecchio bridge in Florence. He also initiated the construction of the Giovanni Berta football stadium by the architect Pier Luigi Nervi .
Government member
In 1932 Mussolini appointed him President of the Chamber of Culture and at the same time he became a member of the Fascist Grand Council . He took part in the Abyssinian War as a lieutenant and war correspondent , together with Mussolini's son-in-law Count Galeazzo Ciano . A friendship developed between the two.
In 1939 he became a member of the government because the Ministry of Culture was handed over to him, which he held until January 1943.
Republic of Salò
After the successful landing of the Allied forces in Sicily and the resulting overthrow of Mussolini , Pavolini and other fascist leaders founded the Republic of Salò , a puppet state of the German National Socialists . In this state Pavolini was now the party leader of the only admitted party under President Mussolini. Nobody should succeed him in this position.
He organized the Verona Show Trial , whose task it was to try the members of the former fascist Grand Council who had voted against Mussolini in 1943. Among the victims was his former friend and party comrade Count Ciano .
When the Republic of Salò collapsed, he and Mussolini tried to negotiate with the communist partisans. When the negotiations failed, he fled to Switzerland with Mussolini and his lover Clara Petacci , but was captured by partisans near Dongo on Lake Como on April 27, 1945 and executed the next day . His body was hung upside down with the Mussolini on April 29, 1945 in the Piazzale Loreto in Milan and put on display for photos.
literature
- Arrigo Petacco : Il superfascista . Mondadori. Milan 1982. ISBN 978-88-04-44799-3
- Arrigo Petacco: Pavolini: l'ultima raffica di Salò . Mondadori. Milan 1983. ISBN 88-04-31485-0
Web links
- Literature by and about Alessandro Pavolini in the catalog of the German National Library
- Newspaper article about Alessandro Pavolini in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Pavolini, Alessandro |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 27, 1903 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Florence |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 28, 1945 |
| Place of death | Dongo on Lake Como |