Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov

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Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov , Russian Алекса́ндр Александро́вич Чупро́в , English transcription Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov, (born February 18, 1874 in Mossalsk ; † April 19, 1926 in Geneva ) was a Russian mathematician and economist who dealt with probability theory .

Life

He was the son of Alexander Ivanovich Tschuprov (1842-1908), who was a professor of political economy and statistics at Moscow University and the driving force behind statistical surveys for Russian local administrations (he is often confused with his son). Tschuprov went to school in Moscow and studied from 1892 at the mathematical and physical faculty of Lomonossow University , from which he graduated in 1896 (dissertation: The theory of probability as the basis of theoretical statistics (Russian) with Pavel Alexejewitsch Nekrasow (1853-1924) ). He then continued to study political economy in Germany (Berlin, Strasbourg) until 1902. In 1901 he received his doctorate in Strasbourg under Georg Friedrich Knapp (The field community, a morphological study). In Strasbourg he made friends with the statistician Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz , who taught there for a short time. After his return he taught statistics at the Polytechnic in St. Petersburg, where a new business faculty had been opened, until 1917. In 1909 his textbook of statistics appeared, for which he received a doctorate from Moscow University. When the Russian Revolution broke out in 1917, he was on a research visit to Stockholm and stayed there, initially due to illness. In 1918 the Soviet government offered him the head of the central statistical office, which he refused. In Stockholm from 1917 to 1919 he published a magazine on the world economy founded by Russian emigrants. He had already published a magazine in Saint Petersburg with VA Rosenberg, which was then discontinued by the Soviets. He published in Biometrika and in the Swedish Insurance Journal (Skandinavisk Aktuarietidskrift). In 1920 he moved to Dresden, where for a few years he worked intensively in relative isolation and without a stable income. In 1924 he became an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society and was invited to give guest lectures in Oslo, which resulted in a well-known book at the time. and in 1925 he accepted a position as a professor at the Russian University in Prague (and there assisted SN Prokopovich in the publication of an economic journal that appeared there in Russian from 1925 to 1928), but died a year later after attending the meeting of the International Statistical Institute (to which he had been elected in 1911) in Rome.

plant

In Russia he worked on a probabilistic foundation of statistics on the law of large numbers , on which Yevgeny Evgenyevich Slutsky (with whom he was in contact in the 1920s) and other Russian statisticians later built. In this context, his correspondence with Andrei Andreevich Markov , which began after the publication of Chuprov's statistics textbook in 1909, is significant. Oskar Anderson was his student in St. Petersburg, as did NS Tschetwerikow (1885–1973), RI Karpenko (1892–1976) and SS Kohn (1888–1933, also Kon). During his emigration he anticipated some of Jerzy Neyman's results , including a formula for the optimal collection of samples derived from the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality . The result has usually been attributed to Neyman, who rediscovered it in 1934 but recognized Chuprov's priority in 1952.

In 1917 he had become a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Fonts

  • Topics in the theory of statistics (Russian), 1909
  • On the Mathematical Expectation of the Moments of Frequency Distributions, Biometrika, Volume 12, 1918, pp. 140-169.
  • On the Mathematical Expectation of the Moments of Frequency Distributions in the Case of Correlated Observations, Metron, Volume 2, 1924, pp. 461-493, 646-683.
  • Basic concepts and problems of correlation theory, 1925 (from lectures in Oslo, Russian edition 1925, English edition Principles of the Mathematical Theory of Correlation , W. Hodge 1939)
  • The Correspondence between AA Markov and AA Chuprov on the Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, eds. Kh.O. Ondar, Springer 1981

literature

  • Oscar Sheynin: Alexandr A. Chuprov. Life, Work and Correspondence, (editor Heinrich Strecker), V & R unipress, Göttingen 2011
  • Vincent Barnett, A history of russian economic thought (Routledge 2005), 72
  • CC Heyde, E. Seneta: Statisticians of the centuries, Springer 2001

Web links

  • Alexandr Chuprov: Statistical Papers and Memorial Publications . Compiled and Translated by Oscar Sheynin. Berlin 2004 ( online )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Also Chuprov, Tchouproff in English Publications
  2. ↑ In 1919 Russian emigrants published a work by A. Tchouprov directed against the Bolsheviks in Stockholm, but it came from his father
  3. ^ Neyman, On the two different aspects of the representative method: The method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection , Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Volume 97, 1934, 557-625
personal data
SURNAME Tschuprov, Alexander Alexandrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chuprov, Alexander Alexandrovich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian mathematician and statistician
DATE OF BIRTH February 18, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Mossalsk
DATE OF DEATH April 19, 1926
Place of death Geneva