Alexander of Hormuzaki
Alexander Freiherr von Hormuzaki , also Hurmuzaki and Hurmuzachi (born October 3, 1869 in Chernivtsi , † 1945 in Geneva ), was a doctor of law , an Austrian - Romanian politician and the last governor of the Duchy of Bukovina .
ancestry
This family, whose name is of Greek fanariotic descent, belonged to the nobility of Moldavia. In 1636 a Hurmuzaki was presented with an estate by the Prince of Moldova for his services to the divan. During the reign of Prince Nikolaus Mavrocordatos, also a fanariot , Emanuel was head stable master and a member of the divan.
Constantin bought the Czernawka (Cernăuca) estate in 1765.
Alexander's grandfather Doxaki (* 1782; † March 30, 1857), who had been married to the boyar daughter Ilinca von Murguletz († 1868) since 1810, used to grant refuge to Romanian leaders who had fled Transylvania for political reasons with high financial commitment. Nevertheless, he, who only had the title of boyar, asked in 1818 for the first time to be awarded the rank of count (!) For himself and his relatives, but this request was refused. In 1831 he renewed his application and asked, if he should not be awarded the count, at least to be raised to the baron rank. This request was also not granted. The members of this family consistently held the title of knight in Bukovina, but this was never awarded to them. They did not appear in any Galician or Austrian nobility registers, but the use of the title was tacitly tolerated, even by the authorities. It was not until Doxaki's son Nikolaus, as a large landowner and member of the Reichsrat, finally, according to the highest resolution of July 20, 1881 and diploma of October 2, 1881 by Emperor Franz Joseph I, the Austrian baron was awarded for himself and all his legitimate descendants. A personified with his own coat of arms was granted to his brother Eudoxius.
biography
Alexander Freiherr von Hormuzaki was the son of the aforementioned Nikolaus Freiherrn von Hormuzaki (born March 19, 1826 in Cernăuca; † September 19, 1909, ibid), married to Natalie (1842–1916), daughter of Baron Emanuel von Styrczea (1800– 1896) and younger brother of the professor of entomology and biogeography Constantin von Hormuzaki . He grew up on his father's estate in Czernawka (Cernăuca) and attended high school in Czernowitz. There he passed his Matura in 1888 and then studied law in Vienna and Czernowitz, where he received his doctorate.
The baron was a high-ranking employee in the public service (Ministry of the Interior) and worked his entire life as a lawyer and politician.
Alexander died unmarried.
Political activity
Like his father before, Alexander was a member of the Reichsrat for many years until 1911 . He applied for the first time for the constituency Suczawa-Sereth (Romanian national), later ran for the Democratic Progressive Party.
First he joined the Hohenwart'schen Klub in the Reichsrat until its disintegration. He then founded the Romanian Club (Clubul Parlamentar Român) within the Imperial Council in Vienna, together with George Popovici, Georg Wassilko von Serecki and the other Romanian MPs. The government needed their votes in order to achieve a majority when passing various bills. In return, the Romanians received some advantages, such as the establishment of several Romanian parallel classes at the German high school in Chernivtsi, among others. He was also a co-founder of the party's political mouthpiece, the newspaper "Gazeta Bucovinei" (1898). In the same year, King Carol I of Romania awarded him the royal Romanian order "Star of Romania" with the rank of officer .
After Georg Wassilko von Serecki no longer wanted to stand for the office of governor , Alexander was appointed governor by Emperor Franz Joseph I on May 27, 1911 . He held this position until it was dissolved on November 12, 1918. Like years before, he was his uncle Eudoxius Freiherr von Hormuzaki provincial governor of the Duchy of Bukovina. In addition to the further expansion of the roads and electrification in the country, Hormuzaki campaigned heavily for the construction of schools in the province and the construction of further public buildings in the state capital. He was decorated on July 1, 1914 with the Commander's Cross of the Imperial Austrian Franz Joseph Order with the star . This high honor of the governor after three years in office was a benevolent sign of recognition of the services acquired for the country, especially for the implementation of the well-known protracted renovation campaign by the emperor.
The last governor of the Bukovina refused to serve the new Romanian government despite violent requests because, as he argued, he had sworn an oath on the emperor and his honor forbade him to break this oath.
Until 1941 he worked as a lawyer in Chernivtsi, then he exiled to Switzerland.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Georg Graf (1918) Wassilko von Serecki |
Governor of the Duchy of Bukovina 1911–1918 |
--- |
coat of arms
1881: Shield divided horizontally and again vertically below. Above in gold a natural buffalo head. In the lower right, seven silver pearls in blue, six in a circle around one. On the left, in red, two crossed handjare with gold handles. The baron's crown rests on the shield. Above it lies a crowned helmet with a blue and gold cover on the right and red and gold on the left, from which emerges a natural peacock feather, two rows, the upper one with five feathers each, the lower one with four feathers each. Shield holders are two standing, inward-facing, red-tongued, golden lions. The coat of arms was for his father Nicholas and his descendants.
literature
- Erich Prokopowitsch, The nobility in the Bukowina, publishing house "Der Südostdeutsche", Munich 1983
- IG Sbiera, "Hurmuzachi," Enciclopedia Română, II., Bucharest 1900
- Ion nistor. Istoria Bucovinei. Ed. Humanitas, Bucharest, 1991
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.hauster.de/data/Czernowitz.xls
- ↑ a b Erich Prokopowitsch, Der Adel in der Bukowina, Verlag "Der Südostdeutsche", Munich 1983, p. 124
- ^ IG Sbiera, "Hurmuzachi", Enciclopedia Română, (1900), II, pp. 736-739
- ↑ Frank-Döfering, data from the nobility files in the ÖStA.
- ↑ Frank-Döfering, data from the nobility files in the ÖStA.
- ↑ Gerald Stourzh, From Vienna to Chicago and back: essays on intellectual history, Gerald Stourzh 2007, p. 184
- ↑ Erich Prokopowitsch, Der Adel in der Bukowina, Verlag "Der Südostdeutsche", Munich 1983, p. 125, p. 163
- ^ Ion Nistor, Istoria Bucovinei, Ed. Humanitas, Bucharest, 1991, p. 261, pp. 262-263
- ↑ Bukovinaer Post No. 797, from Sunday, January 29, 1899, p. 4
- ↑ Bukowinaer Post No. 3167, from Tuesday, July 7, 1914, p. 1
- ^ Erich Prokopowitsch, Der Adel in der Bukowina, Verlag "Der Südostdeutsche", Munich 1983, p. 125
- ↑ Thomas Hensellek, The last years of the imperial Bukowina studies on state politics in the Duchy of Bukowina, Diplomica Verlag GmbH, Hamburg 2011, p. 72
- ↑ Czernowitzer Allgemeine Zeitung No. 3489, from Tuesday, July 7, 1914, p. 4
- ↑ National and Other Identities in Bukovina in Late Austrian Times, Austrian History Yearbook 2004, Copyright © Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota 2004
- ↑ http://www.coresno.com/standeserhoehungen/164-texte/1713-sacha-bukowina-adel.html
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hormuzaki, Alexander von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hurmuzaki, Alexander Freiherr von; Hormuzaki, Alexander Freiherr von (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austro-Romanian politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 3, 1869 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Chernivtsi |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1945 |
| Place of death | Geneva |