Constantine of Hormuzaki

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Constantine of Hormuzaki

Constantin Nikolaus Freiherr von Hormuzaki also Constantin Nicolae Ho (u) rmuzaki, Ho (u) rmuzachi or Baron von; Konstantin (born October 3, 1862 or 1863 in Chernivtsi ; † February 22, 1937 ibid) was a PhD Bukovinian , Austro-Hungarian , later Romanian lawyer and scientist and professor of entomology and biogeography at the University of Chernivtsi .

ancestry

This family, whose name is of Greek fanariotic descent, belonged to the nobility of Moldavia. In 1636 a Hurmuzaki was presented with an estate by the Prince of Moldova for his services to the divan. During the reign of Prince Nikolaus Mavrocordatos, also a fanariot , Emanuel was head stable master and a member of the divan.

Constantin bought the Czernawka estate (Cernăuca) in 1765.

Constantin's son Doxaki (* 1782; † March 30, 1857), who had been married to the boyar's daughter Ilinca von Murguletz († 1868) since 1810, used to grant refuge to Romanian leaders who fled Transylvania for political reasons with high financial commitment. Nonetheless, he, who only had the title of boyar, asked in 1818 for the first time to be awarded the rank of count (!) For himself and his relatives, but this request was refused. In 1831 he renewed his application and asked, if he should not be awarded the count, at least to be raised to the baron rank. This request was also not granted. The members of this family consistently held the title of knight in Bukovina, but this was never awarded to them. They did not appear in any Galician or Austrian nobility registers, but the use of the title was tacitly tolerated, even by the authorities. It was not until Doxaki's son Nikolaus, as a large landowner and member of the Reichsrat, finally, according to the highest resolution of July 20, 1881 and diploma of October 2, 1881 by Emperor Franz Joseph I, the Austrian baron was awarded for himself and all his legitimate descendants. A personified with his own coat of arms was granted to his brother Eudoxius.

biography

Signature of Constantin von Hormuzaki

Constantin was the son of the aforementioned Nikolaus Freiherr von Hormuzaki (born March 19, 1826 in Cernăuca; † September 19, 1909, ibid), married to Natalie (1842–1916), daughter of Baron Emanuel von Styrczea (1800–1896) and older brother of Alexander von Hormuzaki , the last governor of the Duchy of Bukovina. He grew up on his father's estate in Czernawka (Cernăuca) and attended high school in Czernowitz, where he passed his Matura with distinction in 1881. He studied law in Vienna and Czernowitz, as well as natural sciences in his hometown.

In 1888 he entered the service of the Financial Procuratorate, which he soon left to devote himself entirely to his scientific studies. Since 1900 he has been in Upper Austria for research purposes (Ischl, Hütteneckalm (1276 m), Zimitz (1743 m), Steeg, Gosaumühle, Strobl). From 1911 to 1914, the landowner was a member of the Bukovinian state parliament for the National Party.

In 1912 he married the Baroness Pulcheria von Kalmucki with whom he had two children. During and after the First World War he lived with his family in Vienna and Bad Ischl until 1925 . Then he returned to Bukovina. After being awarded an honorary doctorate in 1930, he was appointed full professor in 1931 at the newly created chair for entomology and biogeography at the University of Chernivtsi.

Scientific achievements

His work on the lepidopteran fauna in Bukovina, about which there was hardly any literature to date, form the basis of their knowledge to this day. In Upper Austria he discovered the species Selenephera lunigera , Lobulina Esp., Polyphaenis sericata Esp. and Larentia comitata L. In the summer months 1916 and 1917 he collected in the vicinity of Ischl and Strobl and brought up 113 microlepidoptera in addition to a number of macrolepidopterans.

Even if his main field of work was butterflies, he had published important information about the coleopterology (beetle fauna) of the Bukovina. He also tried to prove that the European butterflies have been indigenous to Europe since the Tertiary and were not subject to post-glacial migrations , as had been assumed until then .

His work was based on climatological and plant geographical (geobotanical) principles. This prompted him to do several work on the genera Rubus and Potentilla (finger herbs). The first geobotanical map of Bukovina is also thanks to him.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Barons Nikolaus and Georg von Hormuzaki from 1881

1881: Shield divided horizontally and again vertically below. Above in gold a natural buffalo head. In the lower right, seven silver pearls in blue, six in a circle around one. On the left, in red, two crossed handjare with gold handles. The baron's crown rests on the shield. Above it lies a crowned helmet with a blue and gold cover on the right and red and gold on the left, from which emerges a natural peacock feather, two rows, the upper one with five feathers each, the lower one with four feathers each. Shield holders are two standing, inward-facing, red-tongued, golden lions. The coat of arms was for his father Nicholas and his descendants.

Fonts

  • Contributions to the beetle fauna of Bucovina and northern Romania. R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin 1888, 60 pages.
  • Collected entomological records (content: A. Lepidoptera: 1. Lepidopterological observations in the Bucovina; 2. Description of new butterfly varieties: [Acronycta var. Bryophiloides]; 3. A new variety of A. Strigosa. B. Coleóptera; 4. Coleopterological collection results in of the Bucovina during the years 1887 and 1888; 5. A new contribution to the knowledge of the coleopteras native to the Bucovina). R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin 1892.
  • The high mountains of the Bucovina in a coleopterological relationship. Publishing house Bernburg, Otto Bornbluth, Berlin 1893.
  • Night catch on bait and on flowering willows in the first spring of 1893. Separate print from Societas Entomológica, year VIII. No. 4).
  • List of butterflies (Rapalocera) known so far from the Kingdom of Romania, taking into account the neighboring countries. Bernburg Otto Dornblüth, Berlin 1893, 24 pages.
  • Entomological news. Year XIX, R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin 1893, No. 16, pages 241–246; No. 17, pages 265-272; No. 18, pages 273-283.
  • From the mountains of Bukovina. Landscape and vegetation sketches with illustrations. In: "Globus - Illustrated Journal for Country and Ethnology", Czernowitz 1893.
  • About some modifications of lepidoptera from Bucovina and Romania. R. Friedländer & Sohn (Bernburg, Otto Doentblütt), Berlin 1894.
  • Studies on the Lepidoptera fauna of the Bukowina, Concordia Typo- u. Lithograph by Archbishop Sylvester Morariu-Andriewicz . 1894. 182 pages.
  • Lycaene varieties from the area around Chernivtsi (Bukovina). Separate print from Societas Enfomologica, Volume VIII, No. 3, (189?).
  • Comments on varieties of some large butterflies native to Bukovina, with a figure in the text. Printed by Adolf Holzhausen, Vienna 1895, 30 pages.
  • Contribution to the macrolepidoptera fauna of the Austrian Alpine countries. Appeared in the negotiations of the zb Gesellschaft in Vienna, 1900.
  • Catalog des lépidoptères récoltés en Roumanie pendant l'année 1901 par les membres de la Société des naturalistes de Roumanie et déterminé par Constantin Hurmuzachi. Tipăria Speranţa, Bucureşti 1902, 21 pages.
  • Observations about the Garabusarlen known so far from Romania. State printing office Bucharest 1903, (Bulletin de la Société des sciences de Bucarest-Roumanie. An. XII, nr. 3 et 4)
  • Cercetări noui asupra raporturilor faunistice din Bucovina cu privire specială la clasa coleopterelor în Buletinul Societăţii de Stiinţe din Bucureşti - România. On. X, no. 1 and 2), Imprimeria Statului, Bucureşti 1901. Pages 77–110.
  • Deuxième catalog des Lépidoptères récoltés en Roumanie pendant l'année 1902 par les membres de la Société des Naturalistes de Roumanie, Imprimerie de l'Etat, Bucarest 1903.
  • Observări asupra genului Nepticula Z. în Buletinul Societăţii de Ştiinţe din Bucureşti - România. On. XV, No. 5 and 6, Imprimeria Statului, Bucureşti 1907.
  • Seasonal dimorphism in Papilio Podalirius L. in the Bucovina, separate print from Societas Entomológica, year VIII, no. 1, (189?).
  • The butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Bukovina. I. Part. With a card. KK Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna 1897, pp. 70–103 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • The butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Bukovina. II part. In: Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna. Vienna 1897, 210 pages ( pp. 120–168 on ZOBODAT , pp. 233–246 on ZOBODAT , pp. 312–341 on ZOBODAT ).
  • Troisième catalog des coléoptères récoltés par les membres de la Société des naturalistes de Roumanie. Imprimerie de l'Etat, Bucarest 1904.
  • Analytical overview of the Palearctic lepidopteran families. R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin 1904, 68 pages.
  • The butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Bukovina with a plant-geographical map of the Bukovina. Chernivtsi 1907.
  • Chestia delimitării dieceselor naţionale gr.-or. din Bucovina. Societatea tipografică bucovineană, Cernăuţi 1913.
  • Contribution to the lepidopteran fauna of Ischl and the surrounding area. In: Annual reports of the Association for Natural History in Austria above the Enns in Linz. 44, Linz 1918, pp. 1–32 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Conspectus specierum et varietatum generis Rubus L. circum Ischl. (Austria superiore) hucusque observatarum, Editura Cultura Naţională, Cernăuți 1925, 44 pages.
  • Baselines for the biogeography and biogenesis of the European macrolepidoptera. In: “Buletinul Facultății de Ştiințe din Cernăuți 3”, Cernăuți 1929.
  • The Development of the European Lepidoptera Fauna since the Tertiary Period in the Light of Palaeogeography. Plant geography and palaeontology, in “Buletinul Facultății de Ştiințe din Cernăuți 4”, Cernăuți 1930.

literature

  • Erich Prokopowitsch: The nobility in Bukowina. Verlag Der Südostdeutsche, Munich 1983.
  • I. Gheorghe Sbiera: Hurmuzachi. Enciclopedia Română, II., Bucharest 1900.
  • Mihail Guşuleac: Constantin Hormuzaki, In Memoriam. Buletinul Facultății de Ştiințe din Cernăuți 1938 (Romanian with a German summary).

Web links

Commons : Hormuzaki  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Library of the University of Iasi
  2. a b Erich Prokopowitsch: The nobility in Bukowina. Verlag "Der Südostdeutsche", Munich 1983, p. 124
  3. ^ I. Gheorghe Sbiera: Hurmuzachi. Enciclopedia Română, (1900), II, pp. 736-739.
  4. Frank-Döfering, data from the nobility files in the ÖStA.
  5. Frank-Döfering, data from the nobility files in the ÖStA.
  6. Bukowina portal
  7. Thomas Hensellek: The last years of the imperial Bukowina - studies of state politics 1909-1914. Diplomica Verlag, Hamburg 2011, p. 118
  8. ^ Lepidoptera research in Upper Austria, status 1922 (from the annual report of the Upper Austrian Museum Association, Volume 79).
  9. ^ Franz Hauder: On the history of lepidopterology in Upper Austria. With additions by Karl Mitterberger. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Volume 80, Linz 1924, p. 262 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  10. Koleopterologische Rundschau 23, 1937, pp. 116–117.
  11. Hormuzaki, Constantin Frh. Von (1862–1937), entomologist. Retrieved March 25, 2015 .
  12. The nobility of Bukovina. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013 ; Retrieved March 25, 2015 .