Alexandre Marc
Alexandre Marc (* 1904 in Odessa ; † February 22, 2000 in Vence ) was a French writer .
Alexandre Marc, born Aleksander Markovitch Lipiansky, came from a Jewish family in Russia. Expelled by the October Revolution, the family emigrated to France in 1918 . Marc studied philosophy and law. In 1927 he passed his law degree at the Free School of Political Science in Paris.
Life
In 1929 Marc founded the Club du Moulin Vert as a place for dialogue on religious and ecumenical issues. There the social and political questions of the time were discussed. A year later he was the main author of the manifesto "The New Command", published in 1931 under the title Call . Marc worked for several newspapers. In 1933 he married and converted to Catholicism .
In the 1930s, Marc shaped on the one hand the experience of the crisis of capitalism , which culminated in the stock market crash on Wall Street , and on the other hand the emergence of totalitarian political regimes in Europe. During this time, Marc made contact with like-minded people in Great Britain, Spain, Belgium and Germany beyond the Parisian intellectual circles. He met Otto Strasser and Harro Schulze-Boysen and corresponded with Arnaud Dandieu , Daniel-Rops , Robert Aron , Claude Chevalley , René Dupuis , Denis de Rougemont , Jean Jardin Xavier von Lignac and Albert Olivier . What they had in common was the criticism of capitalism, fascism , the strengthening of the extreme right and left, totalitarianism , but also pacifism and a de-solidarizing individualism .
Marc dealt with psychology and philosophy and in 1933 published the work “Young Europe” in collaboration with René Dupuis. He later fled from the National Socialists and joined the French army in 1940 before joining the Resistance .
As a political refugee , he and his family were interned in Switzerland from 1943 to 1944 . During this time he devoted himself particularly to the idea of a European federalism . He drafted a policy for “spirit and economy” in which a secure subsistence level (guaranteed social minimum), a non-military civil service and a reform of the capital market played a central role. In this way he wanted to cope with the global economic and political crisis.
For the post-war period he pursued the vision of a federal new Europe. In 1946, Alexandre Marc became the first general secretary of the new L'Union européenne des Fédéralistes ( European Union of Federalists , UEF). In this function, Marc prepared the first meeting of the UEF in Amsterdam and the congress of the UEF in Montreux from August 27 to 31, 1947, which was attended by delegates from sixteen countries.
Marc published "Principles of Federalism" with Robert Aron and prepared the "European Congrès" in The Hague from May 7th to 11th, 1948. He campaigned for the creation of a Supreme Court for Human Rights. At the second Congress of the UEF in Rome in November 1948, at which the question of its dissolution in favor of the recently formed European Movement was disputed, Marc argued with Henri Frenay and Altiero Spinelli for the retention of the UEF.
Since 1947 Alexandre Marc u. a. With the development of the draft of a world constitution and a European constitution, he participated in the establishment of UNESCO , became a discussion leader of the European Federalist Movement, was instrumental in the establishment of the International Center for European Education ( CIFE ) and wrote numerous works and articles in which he developed his concept of “integral federalism”. Marc remained active into old age.
literature
- Hans Coppi : Harro Schulze-Boysen and Alexandre Marc. The Ordre Nouveau group and the circle of opponents. Or: The attempt to put Franco-German relations on a new basis. In: Ferdinand Kinsky / Franz Knipping (ed.): Le fédéralisme personnaliste aux sources de l'Europe de demain. Personalist federalism and the future of Europe. Series of publications by the European Center for Research on Federalism, Tübingen, Volume 7. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft: Baden-Baden 1996 pp. 153–167
- L'Europe en Formation, No. 291, 1993
Web links
- The private portfolio of Alexandre Marc can be in the EU's historical archives be viewed in Florence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Marc, Alexandre |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French author |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1904 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Odessa |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 22, 2000 |
| Place of death | Vence |