Alexandru Marghiloman

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Alexandru Marghiloman (born July 4, 1854 in Buzău , Principality of Wallachia ; † May 10, 1925 , ibid) was a Romanian politician and Prime Minister .

Alexandru Marghiloman

Life

Marghiloman attended the elite school Colegiul Naţional Sfântul Sava in Bucharest and studied in Paris law . In 1884 he became a member of the parliament in Bucharest for the Conservative Party and in 1888 a minister.

Marghiloman and his party were supporters of the alliance with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary and thus supported the Hohenzollern King Karl I in his politics. During the First World War , Marghiloman was an advocate of a policy of neutrality , and he could not prevent the Romanian entry into the war, which the government of Ion Brătianu brought about in order to realize the irredentist war aims of Romania .

After the occupation of a large part of Romania by the troops of the Central Powers, Marghiloman stayed in Bucharest and mediated between the population and the occupying powers, while the king and government withdrew to Iași .

At the beginning of March 1918, the Central Powers demanded that the Romanian government, among other things, cede the Dobruja , accept the border changes demanded by Hungary in the Carpathian region and agree to appropriate economic measures as conditions for an extension of the armistice . The government of Alexandru Averescu resigned on March 19, mainly because of the constantly increasing German demands in the economic and administrative field .

From March 5th jul. / March 18, 1918 greg. until October 24th jul. / November 6, 1918 greg. Marghiloman officiated as Romanian Prime Minister. King Ferdinand I appointed him because, as the most prominent politician among the Central Powers , he had the best prospects in negotiations with the (temporary) winners.

In an exploratory meeting with the future Prime Minister Marghiloman on March 16, 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Ottokar Czernin renounced the demand for Turnu Severin and Târgu Ocna and insisted internally that the minimum requirements of the Habsburg Monarchy be handed over in advance to make it easier for Marghiloman to form a government. But even a drastic reduction in demands was not enough for Marghiloman. Despite the support of his German counterpart Richard von Kühlmann , Czernin had to make a few concessions before the agreement was reached on March 25. On May 7, 1918, Marghiloman finally signed the Bucharest Peace Treaty, which earned him a lot of criticism in nationalist circles.

However, the Romanian parliament repeatedly postponed ratification until the collapse of the Central Powers made everything invalid. Marghiloman was quickly replaced by the duck-friendly Constantin Coandă . After the war, his party of progressive conservatives never got beyond the strength of a splinter party.

Fonts

  • Stelian Neagoe (Ed.): Note politice, 1897-1924 . Verlag Institutului de Arte Grafice Eminescu SA, Bucharest 1927. New edition: Verlag Machiavelli, Bucharest 1993–1995, ISBN 973-96070-0-4 .
    • Volume 1: România și războaiele balcanice (1912-1913), România și primul război mondial (1914-1919), Neutralitatea (1914-1916) .
    • Volume 2: România și primul război mondial (1914-1919), războiul (1916-1917) .
    • Volume 3: România și primul război mondial (1914-1919), războiul (1918-1919), România politică după întregire (1920-1924), Addenda (1897-1911) .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Klein, Willibald Gutsche, Joachim Petzold (eds.): Germany in the First World War. Volume 3: November 1917 to November 1918. Berlin / DDR 1970, pp. 209–211.
  2. ^ Kurt W. Treptow, Marcel D. Popa: Historical Dictionary of Romania . Scarecrow Press, Metuchen (NJ) 1996, ISBN 0-8108-3179-1 , pp. Lxiii.
  3. Elke Bornemann: The Peace of Bucharest 1918 . Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1978, ISBN 3-261-01921-2 , pp. 80-85.
  4. ^ Dolf Sternberger: The election of parliaments and other state organs. Volume 1, 2nd half volume: Europe. Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin 1969, p. 1041.

Web links

Commons : Alexandru Marghiloman  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files