Ali bin Hussein (1879–1935)

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Ali bin Hussein

Ali bin Hussein ( Arabic علي بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, DMG ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī al-Hāšimī ; * 1879 in Mecca ; † February 13, 1935 in Baghdad ) was the last Hashimite king of the Hejaz and the last Sherif of Mecca from 1924 to 1925 .

Life

Ali bin Hussein was the eldest son of the Sherif of Mecca Hussein bin Ali , who, with Allied support, revolted against Ottoman rule during the First World War in order to found a state out of the Ottoman Arab territories under the rule of his dynasty. However, after the end of the First World War, the Allies restricted his rule to the Hejaz. In 1921 he refused to make an agreement with Great Britain that recognized his local rule, but at the same time made the renunciation of Syria , Lebanon and Palestine final. As a result, London stopped its financial support. After the abolition of the Caliphate by Atatürk Hussein in 1924 declared a caliph . As a result, he finally isolated himself in the Arab world. His worst adversary, Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud , attacked the Hejaz. After the loss of Mecca, Hussein ceded the title of king to his son Ali in 1924 and fled into exile in Cyprus . The rule of the Hashimites over Mecca had begun in the 10th century and lasted almost without interruption up to this point. However, the Saudis did not want to accept a Hashimite king, so Ali had to abdicate on December 20, 1925. On January 8, 1926, Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud was crowned King of the Hejaz . Ali bin Hussein died in Baghdad in 1935 .

family

Ali had been married to Nafissa Khanum since 1906. They had a son and four daughters:

  • Princess Khadija Abdiya (1907-14 July 1958).
  • Princess Aliya (1911 - December 21, 1950), wife of Iraqi King Ghazi I.
  • Crown Prince Abd ul-Ilah (November 14, 1913 to July 14, 1958):
Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Iraq . He was murdered on July 14, 1958, together with his nephew, King Faisal II , and Princess Khadija Abdiya in the “ Colonel Putsch ” .
  • Princess Badiya (June 1920 - May 9, 2020)
  • Princess Jalila (1923 - December 28, 1955)

Web links

literature

  • David Fromkin : A Peace to End All Peace. The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. Avon Books, New York NY 1989, ISBN 0-380-71300-4 .
  • Elie Kedourie : In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth. The McMahon-Husayn Correspondence and its Interpretations, 1914-1939. 2nd Edition. Cass, London et al. 2000, ISBN 0-7146-5097-8 (first edition 1976).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stephen Hemsley Longrigg: Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī. In: Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd edition, Vol. III, p. 605.
  2. ^ G. Rentz: Hā sh imids . In: Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd edition, Vol. III, p. 262.
  3. ↑ Baker, Randall: King Husain and the Kingdom of Hejaz. Cambridge 1979. p. 228.
  4. ^ Death of Princess Badiya
personal data
SURNAME Ali bin Hussein
ALTERNATIVE NAMES علي بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of the Hejaz (1924–1925)
DATE OF BIRTH 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Mecca
DATE OF DEATH February 13, 1935
Place of death Baghdad