Old Mönchhof

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The Alte Mönchhof in the Heidelberg district of Neuenheim is a restaurant established between 1990 and 1992 . It is located in a listed residential building which, together with a barn, a water trough and a gateway, forms the last structural remains of the historic Mönchhof (also Schönauer Mönchhof and Münchhof ), a large estate of the Schönau monastery and the Schönau care facility .

location

The Alte Mönchhof is located at Mönchhofstraße 3 in Heidelberg-Neuenheim in the midst of the Wilhelminian-style urban development, which seamlessly flows from Neuenheim to Handschuhsheim on the north side of the Neckar and is crossed by the B 3 , which runs a few meters east of the inn.

In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the development of today's Heidelberg districts of Neuenheim and Handschuhsheim was limited to the small settlement cores that were connected by the trunk road from Heidelberg to Frankfurt (today's B 3). The Mönchhof was in an open field roughly halfway between the two places on the highway.

history

Meierhof of the Schönau monastery

The Mönchhof was first mentioned in 1204. At that time he was one of 18 Meierhöfe that Pope Innocent III. were confirmed as property of the Schönau monastery founded in 1142. The yard was a stately, walled facility that the monastery with lay brothers under the guidance of a friar , farmed, the plow master himself. Four houses, numerous outbuildings and a well have probably always existed in the courtyard.

Leasehold of the care Schönau

In the course of the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate , the Schönau monastery was dissolved in 1558 and the monastery property came to the care of Schönau , who secured the structural maintenance of churches and parsonages by leasing their lands. 1580 Mönchhof included 178 acre farmland in 35 pieces on district Neuenheim and Handschuhsheim, 3 acres of vineyards and about a dozen acres of meadows, sometimes on Oftersheimer district. In 1590 a Matthias Vögelein was a cellar master at Schönauer Mönchhof.

Until 1682 the farm was leased as a temporal inventory (i.e. for a limited period of time), from 1682 as a long lease . The first leaseholder was Ludwig Jakob Hechtmann. After the farm was completely burned down by the French a few years later in the Palatinate War of Succession , Hechtmann no longer fulfilled his obligations and lost the lease right.

In 1691 the farm was given in equal parts to Leonhard Weber (house 2 and 3) and Hans Nikolaus Gerlach (house 1 and 4) and their wives. The tenants had to undertake to rebuild houses, barns and stables by 1692, to maintain the well in the courtyard, to pay a one-time purchase of 600 guilders as a purchase schilling and to pay 7½ or another one-time 150 guilders annually and a certain amount in Martini Pay off the amount of natural produce and meadow interest. In return they received 355 acres of arable land, 3 acres of vineyards, 12 acres of meadows, 6 acres of forest and four gardens within the courtyard's circular wall.

Extension to the "Lutherhaus"

The farm meant a good living for the tenants. As a result of the good sales prices at the time, they had high income from the sale of their products in the 18th century. Around 1750, the two hereditary estates Johann Matthias Heckmann (from House 2) and Konrad Gerlach (from House 4) also received the former infirmary north of the Mönchhof on a long lease. This earlier misery hostel was known locally as the Luther House called because Martin Luther at the Heidelberg Disputation could have stopped there. From the 17th to the 19th century, the building was home to the restaurant Zum Goldenen Fass , which was run by the existing tenants.

The Mönchhof becomes Catholic and part of Neuenheim

From 1801 to 1803 the real division of the care property of the care Schönau took place, which were divided between the Reformed and the Catholic Church. The Mönchhof came to the Catholic Schaffnerei. When the administration was reorganized, the Mönchhof initially remained an independent settlement, which had to send an elected staff holder to the Neuenheim municipal council. In 1823 the Mönchhof was incorporated into Neuenheim against the will of the hereditary estates.

Between 1826 and 1855, the four houses of the Mönchhof were allodified , so that the hereditary estates could acquire the buildings as property, but had to forego their right of inheritance for most of their fields.

After the Neckar Bridge (precursor to the Theodor Heuss Bridge ) was built in 1877, the small towns north of the Neckar near Heidelberg grew rapidly. Mönchhofstrasse was laid out in 1877 and Heidelberg University began to expand to Neuenheim. It quickly became apparent that the Mönchhof with its garden and arable land would be parceled out into building plots. The Lutherhaus was demolished in 1883, and in the following year Lutherstrasse (formerly Mönchhöfer Weg ) was extended to Handschuhsheimer Landstrasse. Neuenheim and Handschuhsheim grew together and were incorporated into Heidelberg in 1891 and 1905, respectively.

The Mönchhof in the urban fabric

At the turn of the 20th century, the agricultural use of the Mönchhof ended, which was now surrounded by urban development. The owner of houses 1 and 4, Johann Georg Schröder († 1901), already gave larger land to the community of Neuenheim during his lifetime. a. for the construction of the new cemetery and the Schröderstrasse named after him. After the death of JG Schröder's wife in 1903, the architect and building contractor Georg Heinrich Schröder acquired houses 2 and 4. In the course of time, all buildings except for house no. 4 were demolished and other buildings were built over. House 1 was last used by the fire brigade as a training facility in 1933.

The Mönchhof as such disappeared completely from the townscape. However, the name remained present through Mönchhofstrasse, Mönchhofplatz and Mönchhof primary school.

The last remaining building No. 4 (today: Mönchhofstrasse 3) was converted into a restaurant in 1990-92 and acquired in 1998 by Hans Jörg Schröder. The door has an inscription from 1749. A barn preserved as an auxiliary building is dated 1784. A gate passage on the building complex bears the (unresolved) inscription RV 1761 , which up to now could not be assigned to any of the tenants at the time and which perhaps goes back to a cellar master at the Schönau care center. A water trough from 1821 is also one of the listed buildings in the complex.

literature

  • Alfred Bechtel: The Schönauer Mönchhof , in: District Association Handschuhsheim e. V. Yearbook 2013 , Heidelberg 2013, pp. 32–39.
  • Alfred Bechtel: The Luther House , in: District Association Handschuhsheim e. V. Yearbook 2014 , Heidelberg 2014, pp. 40–43.