Old Market (Salzburg)
The Old Market , formerly the market square , is located in the old town of Salzburg on the left side of the Salzach . It was laid out according to plan in the middle of the 13th century and is the third market square after Waagplatz and the small square at the eastern intersection of Brodgasse and Goldgasse .
The old market was not only used as a marketplace in the past, but was also the festive setting for folk-cultural events for a long time; so for the Whitsun dance, the sword dance of the Dürrnberg miners and for the Midsummer bonfire at the summer solstice. The bakers' barefoot dance and the butcher's jump also took place here every year.
The square is surrounded by a closed baroque ensemble of buildings, with the artistically designed Floriani fountain in the middle. The Tomaselli café is located on the square .
The former market operation
The weekly markets
The market square was once the central Salzburg weekly market. In the 18th and 19th centuries, dairy products (lard, butter and cheese), mushrooms, fruit and vegetables (including potatoes, sauerkraut, beets, onions and garlic) were sold here. The north-western part was also a poultry market.
In the north, in the Kranzlmarkt area and the north end of Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse, the milk market, where herbs were also sold. In the late 18th century there was the market for birds, ornamental flowers and decorative wreaths (hence the current name Kranzlmarkt). The wholesale of fruit, eggs and potatoes was in the southeastern part of the square. Before Toskanatrakt the residence was for Vorkäufer and Viktualienkäufer lard, butter and eggs also available. In addition, porridge was traded here.
In the early 16th century, cheese was sold in front of the Tuscany wing of the residence at the southern end of today's Old Market. An alley built in the early modern period was called Käsgasse after this medieval cheese market. In the 16th century, the milk and herb market was in the adjacent area of Brodgasse, and the Hafnermarkt in this area. The Kranzlmarkt was an egg market from 1452 to 1585, then a millet market ( called Preinmarkt after the old name of millet ) and a chicken market.
In 1857 the weekly market moved to today's university square. The square that was previously called the Marktplatz was now called the Alter Marktplatz. From 1866 to 1927 the square was called Ludwig-Victor- Platz after the youngest brother of Emperor Franz Josefs . The Archduke was widely known and loved as a great benefactor of Salzburg.
The annual markets
Today's Old Market was also the location of the annual fasting market until 1889, which from 1813 also spread to Universitätsplatz and Residenzplatz and was the location of the autumn market, also called Rupertimarkt, until 1856.
The Floriani fountain
First there was a draw well in the middle of the market square. In the middle of the old market is the old market well, which was documented to replace an old draw well in 1488, when water was first able to be directed from the Gaisberg over the city bridge to the old market.
The oldest surviving part of the fountain is the elaborate, delicate trellis. It already adorned the forerunner of today's fountain and was created by Wolf Guppenberger in 1583. The tavern sign at Getreidegasse 33 was made by the same artisan, a farrier. The ornate lattice was widely admired in its day. It shows all kinds of figures made of sheet iron , such as riders, birds, unicorns and heraldic shields. Today the grid is monochrome, but it was once painted in bright colors. The three coats of arms show those of Prince Archbishop Johann Jakob von Kuen-Belasy , as well as the coats of arms of the state and the city of Salzburg.
The fountain column dates from 1687, as does the wrought iron grating as the city fountain, and it bears the coat of arms of the city of Salzburg. In 1685–87, the fountain also received its current eight-sided marble basin with rosettes on the side surfaces and acanthus leaves on the protruding corners. The two marble steps around it also date from this time.
The statue at the top of the fountain column represents St. Florian and was created as the youngest part of today's fountain in 1734 by Josef Anton Pfaffinger . The St. Florian , patron of firefighters was, and is especially popular as a fountain figures. The Florianibrunnen was the focus of the annual butcher's jump, which always took place on Ash Wednesday, until around 1800. Here the trained butcher apprentices were solemnly declared to be free butcher apprentices after they had “washed themselves of their sins” in the well.
The houses around the old market
The old market today consists of stately rows of town houses, the core of which mostly dates back to the Middle Ages, but which are often overprinted by the early modern era.
The Alter Markt 3 building
(Today the main establishment of the Salzburger Sparkasse). This former semi-detached house was built on Roman foundations. The remains of a hypocaust , mosaic remains and 150 Roman coins were found here. Today the house has a late baroque marble portal with stepped pilasters from the former pawnshop, which stood on Makartplatz until 1907. The portal shows the coat of arms of Prince Archbishop Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein and an inscription from 1747.
The "Old Prince Archbishop's Court Pharmacy"
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(formerly in the house Alter Markt 7, today in the house Alter Markt 6) House No. 6 has housed the Alte Hofapotheke since around 1910. It has late baroque window frames. The pharmacy, which has continued uninterrupted to this day, can be visited here together with the impressive facility that has moved with me.
This pharmacy had existed in Alter Markt 7 since 1591, after the pharmacist Heinrich Merode bought the building. In 1647 this pharmacy was named the Prince Archbishop's pharmacy. The furnishings of this pharmacy that have been preserved in the neighboring house, i.e. shelves, prescription table, devices and vessels, date from around 1760.
House No. 7, which is essentially late Gothic, has a classicist facade with stucco decoration (around 1800) and a two-storey baroque extension. Also noteworthy is the small-framed late medieval moat roof that has been preserved . In the house also lived and died the well-known Salzburg Dr. Carl Petter, court pharmacist and director of the city museum, who also owned the pharmacist's farm in Parsch. A plaque on the house commemorates him.
The Tomaselli café
Konstanze Nissen, the widow of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and her second husband Georg Nikolaus von Nissen, lived in this house from 1820 to 1826 . The Café Tomaselli (Alter Markt 9 and 10) is the oldest surviving coffee house Salzburg and the oldest within the borders of present-day Austria, possibly even the oldest continuously existing coffee house in Central Europe.
On March 31, 1700, the Salzburg court councilor with French roots, Johann Fontaine (also Jean Fontain), was given permission to serve coffee, tea and chocolate. At first his restaurant was in Goldgasse 5. After him and his daughter, Joseph Johann Hruby and then his daughter Maria Josepha and then her husband, the court trumpeter Franz Engelhardt, took over the café.
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In 1752 this was taken over by the court master of the Bishop of Lavant Anton Staiger, after whom it was long called "Staigersches Caféhaus" and who brought the previously very simple café to its new splendor and in 1764 also moved it to its current location. Since then, this café has been in its current location without interruption.
In 1852 the son of the celebrated tenor singer and friend of the Mozart family, Giuseppe Tomaselli, with the first name Carl, took over the café. The Tomaselli family is still co-owners of the traditional Salzburg restaurant.
The smallest old town house in Salzburg
At 1.42 meters wide, next to the Tomaselli café is the smallest house in town. The tiny house (Alter Markt 10 a) was created by building up an alley (between 1830 and 1860).
Web links
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- Lieselotte v. Eltz-Hoffmann: The fountains of Salzburg. Series of publications by the Salzburg City Association No. 9, Salzburg 1979, ISBN 3-900319-01-4
- Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst Huber: Dehio Salzburg - City and Country. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2
- Peter Kramml: Trade, Commerce and Transport - The Salzburg Markets, from Salzburg Atlas series of publications of the City Archives No. 11, Salzburg 1999
Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '58.6 " N , 13 ° 2' 41.9" E