Cascade frogs

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Cascade frogs
Amolops formosus

Amolops formosus

Systematics
Row : Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda)
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Real frogs (Ranidae)
Genre : Cascade frogs
Scientific name
Amolops
Cope , 1865

The cascade frogs ( Amolops ) are a genus native to southern and southeastern Asia within the family of real frogs (Ranidae). A distinction is made between 61 species, which are distributed from northern India via Nepal , western and southern China and Tibet to Myanmar and Malaysia (including on the island of Borneo ).

features

Cascade frogs are characterized as small to medium-sized (about eight centimeters maximum) and agile. The skin on the top is often granular to slightly warty. There are well defined webbed feet between the toes.

Way of life

The frogs are adapted to a way of life in fast-flowing streams and rivers, at waterfalls and on washed-out rocks. They are therefore ecologically counted among the rapids frogs. These are characterized less by their relationship than by convergent adaptations to life in flowing water.

They attach their eggs in small groups to stones at the bottom of the water. The tadpoles have a large suction cup on their mouth and abdomen to prevent them from being drifted away in a torrent. This is an essential differentiator to the genus of winking frogs . The adult animals of some species, such as the Lolokou cascade frog ( Amolops loloensis ), have widened adhesive discs on the finger and toe ends - similar to tree frogs , to which the genus is not closely related.

designation

In addition to the genus Amolops , the common name "cascade frog" is also used for individual other frogs with habitats on raging rivers, such as the American cascade frog ( Rana cascadae ) living in the northwestern USA . A convergent development in the morphology of the tadpoles (sucking mouth) can also be found in the North American tail frogs .

species

61 species are currently described:

As of March 16, 2020

Amolops kangtingensis (Liu, 1950) is a synonym of Amolops mantzorum . The new name Amolops xinduqiao was introduced for part of the population . Amolops tuberodepressus Liu & Yang, 2000, was released from the synonymy of Amolops mantzorum in 2014 , as it was a species complex of several related species. Amolops liangshanensis (Wu & Zhao, 1984) has been synonymous with Amolops loloensis (Liu, 1950).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ RF Inger: The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana Zoology, 52, pp. 1-402, 1966.
  2. ↑ Darrel R. Frost: Amolops . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 1998-2015, accessed March 16, 2020
  3. ↑ Yik-Hei Sung, Ping Hu, Jian Wang, Hai-Jun Liu & Ying-Yong Wang: A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from southern China. Zootaxa, 4170, pp. 525-538, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b K. O. Chan, RK Abraham, JL Grismer & LL Grismer: Elevational size variation and two new species of torrent frogs from Peninsular Malaysia (Anura: Ranidae: Amolops Cope). Zootaxa, 4434, pp. 250-264, 2018.
  5. ↑ G.-Z. Sun, W.-X. Luo, H.-Y. Sun & G.-Y. Zhang: A new species of Cascade Frog from Tibet: China Forestry Construction, 20, pp. 14–16, 2013 (Chinese with English abstract )
  6. ↑ G. Yu, Z. Wu & J. Yang: A new species of the Amolops monticola group (Anura: Ranidae) from southwestern Yunnan, China. Zootaxa, 4577, pp. 548-560, 2019
  7. ↑ K. Jiang, K. Wang, J. Xie, D.-H. Zou, W.-L. Liu, J.-p. Jiang, C. Li & J. Che: A new species of the genus Amolops (Amphibia: Ranidae) from southeastern Tibet, China. Zoological Research / Dōngwùxué yánjiū, Kunming 37, pp. 31–40, 2016
  8. ↑ Anh Van Pham, Nenh Ba Sung, Cuong The Pham, Minh Duc Le, Thomas Ziegler & Truong Quang Nguyen: A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from Vietnam. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 67, pp. 363-377, 2019.
  9. ↑ S. Qi, Z.-y. Zhou, Z.-T. Lyu, Y.-y. Lu, H. Wan, M. Hou, K. Guo & P. ​​Li: Description of a New Species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from Tibet, China. Asian Herpetological Research, 10, pp. 219–229 2019 doi : 10.16373 / j.cnki.ahr.190016
  10. ↑ Lyu Z.-T., Zeng Z.-C., H. Wan, J.-H. Yang, Y.-L. Li, H. Pang & Wang Y.-Y .: A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from China, with taxonomic comments on A. liangshanensis and Chinese populations of A. marmoratus. Zootaxa. 4609 pp. 247-268, 2019.
  11. ↑ a b Lyu Z.-T., Huang L.-S., Wang J., Li Y.-Q., Chen H.-H., Qi S. & Wang Y.-Y .: Description of two cryptic species of the Amolops ricketti group (Anura, Ranidae) from southeastern China. ZooKeys, 812, pp. 133-156, 2019.
  12. ↑ YL Gan, GH Yu & ZJ Wu: A new species of the genus Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from Yunnan, China. Zoological Research 41, 2020, pp. 1-6.
  13. ↑ Zhiyong Yuan, Jieqiong Jin, Jiannan Li, Bryan L. Stuart & Jun Wu: A new species of cascade frog (Amphibia: Ranidae) in the Amolops monticola group from China. Zootaxa, 4415, pp. 498-512, 2018
  14. ↑ a b L. Fei, C.-y. Ye, Y.-f. Wang & K. Jiang: A new species of the genus Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from high-altitude Sichuan, southwestern China, with a discussion on the taxonomic status of Amolops kangtingensis. Zoological Research / Dōngwùxué yánjiū, Kunming 38, pp. 138–145, 2017.
  15. ↑ Zhi-Tong Lyu, Jun Wu, Jian Wang, Yik-Hei Sung, Zu-Yao Liu, Zhao-Chi Zeng, Xin Wang, You-Yu Li & Ying-Yong Wang: A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from southwestern Guangdong, China. Zootaxa, 4418, pp. 562-576, 2018.

literature

  • Bryan L. Stuart, Raoul H. Bain, Somphouthone Phimmachak & Kelly Spence: Phylogenetic Systematics of the Amolops monticola Group (Amphibia: Ranidae), with Description of a New Species from Northwestern Laos. Herpetologica, 66, 1, pp. 52-66, 2010 doi : 10.1655 / 08-073.1

Web links

Commons : Cascade Frogs ( Amolops )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files
  • Real frogs at Amphibiaweb, with species list of the genus Amolops , accessed on June 19, 2018
  • Darrel R. Frost: Amolops . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 1998-2015, accessed March 16, 2020