Real frogs (family)

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Real frogs
Huia masonii

Huia masonii

Systematics
Superclass : Jaw mouths (Gnathostomata)
Row : Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda)
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Real frogs
Scientific name
Ranidae
Batsch , 1796
Clinotarsus curtipes

The real frogs (Ranidae) form a family within the frogs (Anura), which is distributed worldwide. In Greenland , in the Antarctic , on the Caribbean islands, in the desert regions of North Africa, on the Arabian Peninsula as well as in central and southern South America and in most of Australia it is absent in nature.

features

Representatives of this family are between five and more than 30 centimeters long. The most extensive genus of the family with around 260 species are the real frogs that give it its name . Typically the Ranidae lay their spawn in bodies of water and develop indirectly via an aquatic tadpole phase .

At a higher taxonomic level, the term "frog" is not limited sharply - it is also used for species other families or even another subordination of Anura belong (see, for example:. Frogs , point frogs , Blind Worms , poison dart frogs , tree frogs ). The same applies to the term “toad”.

Systematics and taxonomy

The systematics of the family Ranidae is controversial. There are very different representations of their taxonomic structure. In 2009 Amphibiaweb listed 50 genera with more than 850 species. In this form, however, it was a paraphyletic collective taxon . Therefore, many genera were assigned to other, partly newly created families: Ceratobatrachidae , Conrauidae , Dicroglossidae , Micrixalidae , Nyctibatrachidae , Petropedetidae , Phrynobatrachidae , Ptychadenidae , Pyxicephalidae and Ranixalidae . Today, under the genus Rana , only about 50 species are listed, for many others new names have been postulated ( e.g. Pelophylax for the water frogs, which are also represented in Central Europe ). The system is, however, controversial and in some cases still quite provisional.

Genera

The family comprises 26 genera with a total of 398 species according to "Amphibian Species of the World":

Status: February 24, 2019

outsourced to the family Ceratobatrachidae
  • Genus Cornufa Tschudi, 1838 = Ceratobatrachus Boulenger, 1884
  • Genus Platymantis Günther, 1859
outsourced to the family Conrauidae
in the family dicroglossidae outsourced

The genus Minervarya Dubois, Ohler & Biju, 2001 was synonymous with the genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 in 2015 .

in the family Micrixalidae outsourced
in the family Nyctibatrachidae outsourced
in the family Petropedetidae outsourced
outsourced to the family Phrynobatrachidae
in the family Ptychadenidae outsourced
outsourced to the family Pyxicephalidae
in the family Ranixalidae outsourced

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Darrel R. Frost: Ranidae Batsch, 1796 Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1999–2019, accessed February 24, 2019
  2. ↑ Umilaela Arifin, Utpal Smart, Stefan T. Hertwig, Eric N. Smith, Djoko T. Iskandar, Alexander Haas: Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a taxonomically unstable ranid from Sumatra, Indonesia, reveals a new genus with gastromyzophorous tadpoles and two new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 64, 1, pp. 163-193, March 2018.

literature

  • August Johann Georg Karl Batsch: Outline of the entire natural history: an excerpt from the author's earlier handbooks for his lectures. Publishing house Christian Ernst Gabler, Jena & Leipzig 1796 (first description)

Web links

Commons : Ranidae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Ranidae , species list of the Ranidae family from Amphibiaweb, accessed on August 11, 2015
  • Darrel R. Frost: Ranidae Batsch, 1796 , Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, 1999-2015, accessed August 10, 2015