At law school

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At the school there is a short street in the north of Cologne's old town , it runs in an east-west direction between north-south drive and Wallrafplatz .

At the law school: In Arnold Mercator's Cologne cityscape from 1570 it was called "Op hoigher smitten"

history

This street has undergone several name changes throughout history.

middle Ages

The Kronenburse, former law school around 1840

The street An der Rechtschule was still called Vogelstrasse ( Latin "platea vogelonis" ) in the Middle Ages . Her name referred to a landowner named Herimannus Vogelo. The first building in the area (today's Kolpingplatz) was the Minorite Monastery between 1245 and 1260 , after the Minorites had already acquired a claim to a property in 1244 . On today's Wallrafplatz, the stone house ( Latin "domus lapidea" ) next to a house "zum Bären" ( Latin "ad ursum" ) under the name "domus pistrini ad ursum" (bakery to the bear) has been occupied. At today's corner of Unter Fettenhennen / An der Rechtschule, Siegburg Benedictines owned several farms ("Siegburger Höfe") in 1487, namely "parva domus Syberg" (the small Siegburg house) and "alia domus Syberg super angulum" (the other house in Siegburg Corner). Johann Bischof received the house "zum Salzrump" (salt pot) from the Abbey of Groß St. Martin in 1296 for a long lease. Before 1430 it served as a dance house, in 1513 it belonged to Gerhard II von Loe (Loen). In 1313 Wolfardus de Elvervelde and his wife Hilla donated their large house ("Wolfartzhaus") in Vogelstrasse to a beguinage, which was to be established here after their death.

From 1569 finally three were here bursae , namely the 1430 donated Kronenburse ( "Collegium Hervordianum") that Burse was founded on September 22, 1438 to St. Hieronymus ( Latin "Collegium sancti Hieronymi" ) and the Laurentian course , founded in 1140 in Komödienstraße (then: "Smirstraße"; Schmierenstraße) , which moved here in 1569. These institutions were houses whose students mostly chose the law faculty as scholarship holders .

  • Kronenburse : The study foundations that fell to the city (1430 from the theologian Hermann Dwerg (h) from Herford and 1431 from Johann von Vorburg from Alkmaar ) enabled the extensive new construction of the law school. Its name “Collegium Hervordianum” goes back to the Herford-based founder Dwerg (h), who provided 6000 Rhenish guilders for the education of 12 students. The Kronenburse housed in the municipal "Haus Frechen" (today's no. 10; derived from the three crowns in the gable) bore the city's coat of arms, had a library room (with chained books) since 1449 at the latest and was first expanded in 1477 through the legacy of a Dr. . Loppo von Zieriksen, who bequeathed the “Spänheim” house on the nearby Burgmauer street to the faculty. Further changes followed in 1631 by adding a three-axis gable structure, and in 1766 a thorough renovation was due. The Kronenburse was probably the best place for legal literature. The house belonging to her served as the official residence of the law professors, the last time probably in 1791 for the municipal syndic Wilmes, the last dean of the faculty. The Kronenburse building stood empty from 1797 during the French era , but it remained there until it was moved to Waidmarkt in 1834; Johann Joseph Gronewald's institution for the deaf and dumb moved into the building.
  • "Collegium sancti Hieronymi" ("Collegium Ruremundanum"): To the east of the Kronenburse was the house "zur Mühlen" ( zur Moelen ; No. 8) into which the "Collegium Ruremundanum" moved when it was founded in September 1438. The "Collegium Ruremundanum" founded by Provost Johannes von Löwen was given the name "Roermondsches Haus" because of its pupils and students, who mostly came from Roermond . A renovation took place in 1687.
  • Laurentianum : In the autumn of 1569, the grammar school moved its headquarters from Komödienstraße to Vogelstraße No. 3–9 on the north side of the Minorite Monastery because the previous building had become dilapidated. It moved into a building with a rented cloister garden, which it acquired from the Minorites and was located at today's Mariengartengasse. The Laurentianum was created in 1422 by the theologian Laurentius Buninch on today's Komödienstraße. The first rector in the new house was Paulus von Roermond († April 12, 1585).

The monastery printing house "retro minores" ( Latin for the Minorites ), which was used by the Burses in August 1497 and belonged to the typographer Martin von Werden from 1504 and continued to be operated from 1516 by his widow Elisabeth von Werden, was located in Vogelstraße since August 1497 . Despite the legal institutions, the street name An der Rechtschule did not yet exist; in the Cologne cityscape of 1570 Arnold Mercator describes it as "Op hoigher smitten" (At the high forge). The Cologne city map from 1752 describes them as “Before the Laurentians”. On March 5, 1590, the Minorites sold the monastery bakery (behind the "Nideggen House", ie on today's Richartzstrasse) to Balthasar Behscheid for lack of money.

Founding period

At the law school - Wallraf-Richartz-Museum (watercolor by Josef Felten, 1861)
Ferdinand Franz Wallraf

During the French occupation, from January 1, 1813, all streets in Cologne were only allowed to bear the French name of " Itinéraire de Cologne ". For this purpose, Ferdinand Franz Wallraf received an order from the French administration in 1812 to propose objective, new French street names for the streets of Cologne. If possible, Wallraf should examine the historical background or the form of the Old High German, Middle High German and Old Cologne connections and traditions and find their expression in the new name. With the previous street name "An der Hohen Schmiede", Wallraf did not - as usual - opt for the literal translation, but wanted to use his French name "rue de l'ecole de droit" (street of the legal school) to remember the old Kronenburse . On September 28, 1816, a Prussian edict abolished the French street names, the "rue de l'ecole de droit" was now translated into German as "An der Rechtschule". Between 1831 and 1846 the poor administration and the city ​​savings bank Cologne were in No. 1 . In 1876, the Cologne Dombauhütte , which was re-established in 1824, began operations in No. 2. The Kunstgewerbemuseum moved into Kronenburse on July 16, 1888 as its first provisional domicile, before moving into the Overstolzenhaus on May 5, 1893 and finally a new museum building on Hansaplatz on May 2, 1900 .

The neo-Gothic Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, built by Josef Felten and Julius Carl Raschdorff since 1855, opened its doors on July 1, 1861 on the south side of the street. It was built around the included cloister of the former Minorite monastery; its historical core comprised the collections of Franz Wallraf and Matthias Joseph de Noël . Wallraf endeavored to save the art treasures banned from churches and monasteries by the French from destruction. The museum benefited from his saving passion for collecting. Johann Heinrich Richartz financed the building of the museum, which was completely destroyed in the Second World War .

Modern times

Remnants of the cloister of the former Minorite monastery
At law school 2-4 (August 2014)

A new museum building built by Rudolf Schwarz and Josef Bernard opened at the same location on May 27, 1957 and took over the Wallraf-Richartz Museum's collection, which had largely been saved from bomb damage. The tracery of the west wing of the adjoining Minorite monastery is also integrated into the building. In front of the museum are the monuments of its founders and patrons by the sculptor Wilhelm Albermann, inaugurated on April 1, 1900 - and have been preserved . The museum moved out in August 1986 to move into a new museum building elsewhere. The exhibition rooms that became free were taken over by the Museum of Applied Arts after extensive restoration ; Exactly 101 years after its foundation, the opening took place in a new location on June 11, 1989.

  • At the law school - northern section (1910)

  • The television studio building “An der Rechtschule” in Cologne (March 1965), with Cologne Cathedral in the background

  • Museum of Applied Arts

  • Wallraf Monument, Museum of Applied Arts

  • Richartz Monument, Museum of Applied Arts

The north side of the street is flanked by several generations of WDR buildings in an east-west direction. Starting from the corner house Funkhaus on Wallrafplatz , which was inaugurated on June 21, 1952, the "Haus Rechtschule" (No. 2) with television studios followed in March 1965 and the "WDR Archivhaus" (No. 4) built in 1968 on Tunisstrasse. Among other things, the "Haus zum Salzrump", which has belonged to the brewer Michael Hermann since 1589 and from which the brewery "zum Salzrumpchen" (no. 24) developed. Since 1898 it has belonged to the "Hirsch Brewery Cöln" from Cologne-Bayenthal . Like the entire north side of the street, it fell victim to the bombs of World War II.

location

Richartzstrasse, Drususgasse and Mariengartengasse flow into An der Rechtschule, which is only 85 meters long. It leads to Wallrafplatz in the east and ends in the west on Tunisstrasse, a section of the north-south route. In the south of the street is the Kolpingplatz, which is reminiscent of the socially committed journeyman father Adolph Kolping . At the legal school, Cologne can be reached with the subway station Dom / Hauptbahnhof and Appellhofplatz .

literature

  • Hermann Keussen : Topography of the city of Cologne in the Middle Ages. 2 volumes. Cologne 1910. (Reprint: ISBN 978-3-7700-7560-7 and ISBN 978-3-7700-7561-4 )
  • Ludwig Arentz, H. Neu, Hans Vogts : Paul Clemen (ed.): The art monuments of the city of Cologne. Volume II, extension volume: The former churches, monasteries, hospitals and school buildings of the city of Cologne. Verlag L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1937. (Reprint: 1980, ISBN 3-590-32107-5 )
  • Adam Wrede : New Cologne vocabulary. Second volume: K - R. 9th edition. Greven Verlag, Cologne 1984, ISBN 3-7743-0156-5 , pp. 336–337.
  • Jürgen Rösch-Junker: In tune with the times. 50 years of WDR. Volume 1: The forerunners - from 1924–1955. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2005, ISBN 3-462-03580-0 .
  • Hermann Keussen: Register of the University of Cologne. 7 volumes. Cologne 1892. (Reprint / continuation: Düsseldorf 1979/1981)
  • Eduard Hegel: St. Kolumba in Cologne, a medieval city parish in its growth and decline. Verlag Franz Schmitt, Siegburg 1996, ISBN 3-87710-177-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Helmut Signon: All roads lead through Cologne. 2006, p. 66.
  2. ^ Mauritius Mittler, Placidus Mittler, Wolfgang Herborn: Temporibus tempora: Festschrift for Abbot Placidus Mittler. 1995, p. 221.
  3. ^ Mauritius Mittler, Placidus Mittler, Wolfgang Herborn: Temporibus tempora: Festschrift for Abbot Placidus Mittler. 1995, p. 229.
  4. ^ Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine. Volumes 110-114, 1927, p. 86.
  5. ^ Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine. Volumes 80-84, 1904, p. 23 f .; Historical archive of the city of Cologne Best. 3 (main document archive - supplements (HUANA)), U 2/734
  6. ↑ Hermann Keussen : The old University of Cologne: basics of its constitution and history. 1934, pp. 239-261 and 360-365.
  7. ↑ Ludwig Arentz, Hugo Neu, Hans Vogts, In: Paul Clemen (Ed.): The art monuments of the city of Cologne. 1980, p. 381.
  8. ^ Hermann Keussen: Topography of the City of Cologne in the Middle Ages. Volume I, 1910, p. 139.
  9. ↑ Historical Archive of the City of Cologne, 600 Years of Cologne University 1388–1988 , 1988, p. 79.
  10. ^ A b Johann Wilhelm Josef Braun: The Minorite Monastery and the new Museum in Cologne. 1862, p. 48.
  11. ^ Johann Christian Nattermann: The golden saints. History of the St. Gereon Abbey in Cologne. Section “Stift und Universität”, 1960, p. 287 ff.
  12. ^ Adam Wrede: New Cologne vocabulary. Volume III, 1984, p. 5.

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 24.8 ″  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 19.1 ″  E