Laurentianum high school in Cologne

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The Laurentianum grammar school was one of the first high schools in Cologne . These emerged from smaller colleges that prepared for studies at the Universitas Studii Coloniensis and in some cases also offered lectures from the artist faculty in their rooms, and which then merged over time into three large private educational institutions - the Bursen  . One of these large bursa emerged as the successor to the bursa florentissima cited for 1422 , which was then named bursa laurentiana after a larger donation from Magister Laurentius Buninch . It was located in today's Komödienstraße until 1594 and later in the street "Op hoigher smitten", the name of the street leading to the Hohen Schmiede (today's Wallrafplatz ), which was later named An der Rechtschule . The school complex there at the Minorite Monastery subsequently underwent a number of renovations or new construction measures. In 1766/67, the school complex, consisting of several buildings, some with three axes, was extensively renovated.

Around thirty years later, however, all grammar schools in the now French administrative unit of the canton of Cologne , including the Laurentianum grammar school, were abolished in October 1798 following a decree by François Joseph Rudler .

The street "Voir St. Andreas" and in the extension the lubrication street, as well as the street running north in front of Minoriten were locations of the Laurentianum

history

Location and first mention

The first site of the later school was in the medieval suburban district of Niederich on the south side of today's Komödienstraße. The land there was located below the monastery “zo sent Marie garden” with its church of St. Maria ad Ortum and was referred to in colloquial language as being at “Lysloch” because of a breach of the old Roman wall, a place that still has a remaining tower today the Cologne city wall - the Lysolph Tower  - reminds.

Founder and namesake

A property located on "Smyerstasse" and first mentioned in the shrine entries in 1371 was owned by Magister Laurenz Berungen between 1440 and 1453 . In this building, two smaller bursa had sprung up, the school on the Eigelstein , founded in 1422 by the Parisian Magister Henricus (or Heinrich) de Campo , as well as a small facility of Johann Hulshout von Mechelen , which was cited in the sources in 1416, on the south side House Wolsak located in Unter Sachsenhausen. Hulshout and the later namesake of the Burse Laurenz Buninch, were both former students of the theologian de Campo, with whom they had studied theology . Another theologian at this second, of the three main bursa that later came into being, which were also called the principales , had already left this merger on Schmidstrasse around 1450. It was Johannes von Kuyck, de in the northern suburb of Niederich on the Eigelstein street, who founded Bursa Cucana , from which today's Dreikönigsgymnasium developed.

Laurenz Buninch from Groningen , in early sources also Bunynk or Bunyng v. Called Groeningen, it enjoyed a high reputation among the “artists” and was dean of the faculty three times . In 1456 he became the first beneficiary of another type of privilege that had been introduced , which also included the “second degree” cathedral benefice created for professors at the university . He was in the faculty of theology 1442 Licentiate become and became 1442/43 the Rector of the University. The Laurentian course was named after Laurenz Buninch, who was highly regarded in all faculties.

Commitment of influential families

The outstanding names of the founders in the history of the Laurentianum included von Kampen, von Reuschenberg , von Manderscheid-Blankenheim and, for generations, the members of von Franken-Siersdorf

De Campo, from Kampen

Heymericus de Campo was born in Son near Eindhoven around 1395 and studied at the University of Paris . He is one of the early teachers of philosophy who are mentioned by name at the Cologne Bursa Laurentianum.

The source entry from 1459, in which the property of a private person was explicitly mentioned, was not repeated in the development of this institution. For example, property was later acquired by private individuals, which then went to the existing school facility as a foundation. In 1479 it was said: “Johann Vornne v. Kampen buys for his brother Prof. theol. Conr. de Campis the houses that are located near the Bursa Laurenti, called Zederwalt ”. Half of these were bequeathed to the Laurentianerburse by Professor von Kampen in 1496. Even in the 16th century, the facility was still referred to as a Burse and not a grammar school. So in 1528 as Bursa Laurenti, in 1534 in the notes of Hermann von Weinsberg bursa Laurentiana in the Smirstraisse, which he referred to in 1585 (the move had taken place in 1569) as the “old Laurentian course”.

As in the case of the Gymnasium Montanum and other private educational establishments, the change to municipal ownership may also have taken place with the establishment of the Laurentianum, because the sale of the dilapidated facility in Lubrication Street was recorded in the city's council minutes in 1594.

Change of location and further development

In 1569 the institution moved to the street called "Op hoigher smitten" at that time. The building occupied was on the north side of the local monastery complex and later extended almost to the corner of "Druisiansgasse". It was later named Drususgasse after a brother of Emperor Tiberius by Ferdinand Franz Wallraf .

Structural improvements were soon made under the regent Paul Kuickhoven from Roermond , in which parts of the monastery were also integrated. The institution, which previously had few visitors due to its desolate condition, now experienced an upswing for the time being. However, it came under the next regent, the Lic. Theol. Conrad Schulting von Steinwich, again in disrepair, so that he had been urged to resign in 1592. However, Steinwich left behind an important work on the history of the liturgy , his "Binorienca Ecclesiastica".

Steinwich succeeded Caspar Ulenberg , who had been teaching at the school since 1574 and then from 1592 to 1611 became the rain of the Laurentianum. Under Ulenberg, the institution received a new Konvikt building . Ulenberg died in 1617. The reign of the Laurentianum, which began after Professor Ulenberg and lasted 167 years and was exercised by eight members of the same family (from Franken-Siersdorf), remained an isolated case in Cologne's school history.

  • Founders, regents and students (selection)

  • Caspar Ulenberg

  • Heinrich von Reuschenberg

  • Franz Caspar von Francken-Sierstorpff

  • Johann Jakob von Wittgenstein

Anxious Ulenbergs to provide the educational institution with additional accommodation for students, followed from Setterich originating Landkomtur the bailiwick Biesen of the German Order , Heinrich von Reuschenberg with a combined Foundation.

Reuschenberg, who attached great importance to improving the existing educational opportunities, also got involved in Cologne. In order to remedy the shortage of qualified clergymen in the order, he donated the funds to the Laurentianum in 1574/80, among other things, for the construction of a larger building, which was later referred to as the "Reuschenberger Foundation Building" and which brought the institution a significant increase in its previous capacity . In addition, Reuschenberg awarded twelve scholarships , three of them for aristocrats, three for wealthy commoners and six for young men from the class of the poor.

Modern buildings

The educational establishment at the monastery of the Friars Minor consisted of a group of buildings with different structures and orientations, which also included integrated monastery buildings on the south and east sides in front of the Minorite Church. One entered the forecourt of the complex through a portal crowned by a figure of a saint . There was on the east side of the monastery through a stepped gable house , which a larger gewalmtes , with a small bell tower anreihte equipped house. These were followed, further encircling the courtyard, by another stepped gable house with an attached stair tower and adjoining it a larger three-axis building, which had a volute gable facing the street . On the other side of the school yard, along the street in a westerly direction, there was a long building behind which the garden of the monastery initially extended and almost reached what was then Druisiansgasse. Another patron of the Laurentianum, (Franz) Jakob de Groote (1664–1698), a son of the mayor Heinrich de Groote, donated a chapel to the school, which was consecrated to St. Lawrence .

The regens Franz Kaspar von Franken-Siersdorf had further, now more extensive building measures carried out in 1687 . Like his brother Peter Josef von Franken-Siersdorf († 1727), the theologian was Regens der Anstalt (until 1730), taught as a professor of theology from 1711 and was rector of the university from 1720 to 1724. He died as auxiliary bishop and canon of Cologne in 1770.

The grammar school in the 18th century

Second Class Latin Book of the Laurentianum (1785)
Site plan of the former Laurentianum around 1800

In the 18th century, essential parts of the outdated main system were demolished and renewed. Around 1766/67 (like at the Montanum) the main buildings were replaced by new buildings. So also the foundation house donated by Reuschenberg and the entire street-side wing from the monastery to the 7th grade building. The same was done with the subregentia and a building used as a theater. Theatrical performances at the school were a tradition. As early as 1581, the tragedy of St. Laurentius was first performed by the scholars of the Laurentianum and was repeated for years on Laurentius Day (August 10) in front of a large audience.

Here at the Laurentianum, too, the work was subordinate to the master builder and stonemason Nikolaus Krakamp and the master carpenter Georg Bourscheid, whereby a fee of 8,558 Reichsalers was paid for the two masters after their work was completed. In addition, the sculptor Geiger delivered a portrait of St. Laurentius, which was placed in a niche and J. M. Metz was commissioned to paint a gable al fresco and to illuminate the institute's garden house . According to the council minutes, the city treasury was charged with a total of 23,947 Reichstalers.

Repeal and private use

With the reorganization of the communal facilities under French rule, the Laurentianum temporarily became one of the municipal Écoles Secondaires and was converted into a factory in 1810, which then had to give way to a new building around 1830. Just 25 years later, a new museum building was erected on this site, a forerunner of today's Museum of Applied Art .

Parts of the estate

The skill of the people listed was closely linked to the history of the Laurentianum at different times. The life data of these people, but also other details of their work - not least for the benefit of this educational institution and its students - have been preserved in the city. In many cases, the information is supplemented by paintings that still exist, which the portrayed commissioned in view of their social status. All artists of these preserved works are not known, but they are classified as “Rheinisch”, “Kölnisch” or as Dutch works. A large part of the work is owned by the Cologne High School and Foundation Fund , and a number of these portraits can be viewed today in the exhibition rooms of the Cologne City Museum .

Donor painting with reference to the Laurentianum

  • Arnold Luyde († 1540), Canon of St. Maria ad Gradus , Rector of the University and Regens of the Laurentianum
  • Heinrich Buescher († 1564), was pastor at Klein St. Martin and in 1520 at the Laurentianum. He became rector of the university in 1537
  • Caspar von Mülheim, brother of the Mayor of Cologne Melchior, donated two study places for poor Cologne students for the Laurentianum (testament December 1583)
  • Johann Friedrich von der Leyen († 1619), Elector of Cologne and Electorate of Trier council, was the founder of the Laurentianum
  • Wilhelm Manshoven († 1621), Canon of the Cathedral Foundation and Rector of the University of Cologne, was the founder of the Laurentianum
  • Adolf vd Bongard (painting dating 1625), Komtur zu Koblenz , was the founder of the Laurentianum
  • Zachaeus from Horrich († 1633), Dr. jur., Canonikus des Domstifts and Rector of the University of Cologne, was the founder of the Laurentianum
  • Severinus Binius († 1641), vicar general. Binius was Regens des Laurentianum and rector of the university
  • Adam Tirctoris from Kerpen , taught at the Bursa Laurentiana. He was canon of the second degree to St. Gereon in 1557 and preacher in the High Cathedral for 22 years, as well as pastor to St. Laurentius . Tirctoris made several endowments, including one for the university library. In 1572 he was chosen by them to be the spokesman in the fight against the Protestant Geusen .
  • Count Eberhard von Manderscheid-Blankenheim († 1608), canon and founder of the Laurentianum
  • Johannes Venlo († 1621), Dr. jur. utr., Kurkölnischer Rat, founder of the Laurentianum
  • Adrian Walenburg († 1669), Regens of the Laurentianum and auxiliary bishop
  • Cornelius Seulen from Jülich († 1688), dean of the Kastor monastery in Carden , was the founder of the Laurentianum
  • Heinrich von Franken-Siersdorf († 1654), Regens and founder of the Laurentianum, Cologne canon
  • Johann Paes († 1727), merchant and founder of the Laurentianum
  • Peter Josef von Franken-Siersdorf († 1727), canon to St. Andreas, Regens des Laurentianum
  • Johann Jakob von Wittgenstein (1754–1823), attended the Laurentianum. He then studied in Cologne and Göttingen Law
  • Ferdinand Eugen von Franken-Siersdorf (1714–1781), canon to St. Andreas and St. Severin. Regens des Laurentianum (1751) and rector of the university
  • Arnold Christian Metternich († 1790), Regens of the Laurentianum and rector of the university
  • Heinrich Josef Schüller († 1816), Councilor of the Electorate of Cologne, founder of the Laurentianum

With the exception of the reference to Adam Tirctoris, the data comes from the collection of the Cologne High School and Foundation Fund.

student

literature

  • Erich Kuphal : The Cologne Cathedral. Festschrift to celebrate the 50th anniversary of its completion on October 15, 1880. Publishing house of the Cologne History Association, Cologne 1930.
  • Johann Christian Nattermann: The golden saints. History of the St. Gereon Abbey in Cologne. Verlag Der Löwe, Cologne 1960, DNB 453536581 .
  • Hermann Keussen : Topography of the city of Cologne in the Middle Ages. in 2 volumes. Cologne 1910.
  • Ludwig Arentz, H. Neu, Hans Vogts ; Paul Clemen (ed.): The art monuments of the city of Cologne. Volume II, extension volume: The former churches, monasteries, hospitals and school buildings of the city of Cologne . Verlag L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1937. (Reprint 1980, ISBN 3-590-32107-5 )
  • Arnold Stelzmann, Robert Frohn: Illustrated history of the city of Cologne. 11th edition. Bachem, Cologne 1990, ISBN 3-7616-0973-6 .
  • Werner Schäfke : The paintings in the holdings of the Cologne City Museum including the Porz collection and the Cologne high school and foundation fund . Kölnisches Stadtmuseum, Kölnischer Bildersaal, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-927396-94-X .
  • Peter Glasner: The legibility of the city. Cultural history and lexicon of medieval street names in Cologne. 2 volumes. DuMont, Cologne 2002.
  • Hermann Keussen: The old University of Cologne . Cologne History Association, 1934.
  • Franz Joseph von Bianco: The old University of Cologne and the later scholarly schools of this city , Bd. I / 1, Cologne: JM Heberle / H. Lempertz 1855 ( Google Books )

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Johann Christian Nattermann: The Golden Saints. History of the St. Gereon Abbey in Cologne. Section “Abbey and University” p. 301.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Ludwig Arentz, H. Neu, Hans Vogts ; Paul Clemen (ed.): The art monuments of the city of Cologne. P. 386 f.
  3. ^ Arnold Stelzmann, p. 234.
  4. ^ A b c Hermann Keussen: Topography of the city of Cologne in the Middle Ages. Volume II, Niederich district “Komödienstraße II”, pp. 105 and 108.
  5. ↑ Friedrich Ev. von Mering, Ludwig Reischert: On the history of the city of Cologne on the Rhine: from its foundation to the present. Volume 2, 1838, p. 243.
  6. ^ A b c Hermann Keussen: The old University of Cologne. Section “The Bursa”, p. 343 ff.
  7. ^ Hermann Keussen: The Dompfründen of the Cologne University. In: The Cologne Cathedral. Festschrift to celebrate the 50th anniversary of its completion on October 15, 1880. Edited and edited by Erich Kuphal, p. 184 f.
  8. ↑ Carl von Prantl:  Camping, Heymerich v . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 738 f.
  9. ↑ Peter Glasner: The legibility of the city. Cultural history and lexicon of medieval street names in Cologne. P. 181.
  10. ↑ a b c Werner Schäfke, Kölnischer Bildersaal: The paintings in the holdings of the Cologne City Museum including the Porz collection and the Cologne grammar school and foundation fund .
  11. ↑ Werner Schäfke: The paintings in the inventory of the Cologne City Museum including the Porz collection and the Cologne high school and foundation fund. Kölnischer Bildersaal, p. 426.
  12. ^ Carl Dietmar: The medieval Cologne. P. 155.
  13. ↑ Some of the artist's drawings are in the Rheinisches Bildarchiv in Cologne
  14. ↑ Ludwig Arentz, H. Neu, Hans Vogts ; Paul Clemen (ed.): The art monuments of the city of Cologne. Section Gymnasialstiftungsfonds, p. 394 ff.