St. Maria ad Ortum

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chapel of St. Maria ad Ortum

Maria ad Ortum (hortus sanctae Mariae) was a three-aisled late Romanesque church of the Cistercian order "zo sent Marie garden", Mariengarten, in Cologne , which was abolished and laid down during the French period . A street name and a chapel bearing their old Latin name still remember them today .

location

Roman north wall, remains of the Lysolph tower

The church and monastery building stood on the area within the Roman city wall , not far from a defense tower of the north wall, which was called the "Lysolph Tower". The convent of the nuns , surrounded by tree gardens, was located between the still quiet streets “Margardengassen”, today's Mariengartengasse, and today's castle wall, called “urbis murus” in the 12th century, later “up der burchmure”.

Following the tradition of the order , they found a place of silence in the area in the north-west on what was then the edge of the city . Nevertheless, the nuns quickly got to the developing center of the city along Hohe Straße and the central markets of Alter Markt or Heumarkt, if necessary . The cathedral , Cologne Cathedral , was not far away either.

Late Romanesque church

Maria ad Ortum from the southeast, drawing by Justus Vinkenbooms 1664/65

Maria ad Ortum was a three-aisled late Romanesque church with a semicircular choir and typical roof turret . It was built between 1244 and 1260 in place of a small monastery chapel. The church existed until the abolition of the monastery in connection with secularization in 1802 and was demolished in 1805.

After the church was abolished, valuable items of furniture found their way into the “ Alte Pinakothek ” in Munich and the “ Germanic National Museum ” in Nuremberg . The memorial board of the donor family, the Counts of Neuenahr, stayed in Cologne and ended up in the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum & Fondation Corboud . There is also the family altar Maria on the crescent moon (inventory no.WRM 0853) , created after 1484, with depictions of saints and the family of Count Gumprecht II of Neuenahr by the master of the Holy Tribe the Younger (* around 1450, † around 1516 ), which comes from the Church of St. Maria ad Ortum.

Patrons of the Church

Johann Valentin Reinhardt: Cologne city map from 1752 (S ↔ N). Legend:
  3 - B. M. V. in Horto
26 - Discalceatessar. S. Theres.
       (formerly " Neuenahrer Hof ")
(The inscriptions of Kupfer G. and Lang G. are interchanged)

The patrons of the church were the Counts of Neuenahr, their estate , the " Neuenahrer Hof ", stood on the corner of Langgasse and Schwalbengasse, they also chose the church as the burial place for their family. One of its members, Hermann von Neuenahr , later became provost of the cathedral (1524) and was thus also chancellor of the old Cologne University . In this position, he was responsible for the official award of academic degrees and church teaching supervision .

Burial place of the Counts of Neuenahr

Heraldic shield of Walburga von Manderscheid in the Church of St. Maria ad Ortum, around 1505/08 (copied from 1645)

In the family crypt of the Counts von Neuenahr in the left (northern) choir of St. Maria ad Ortum, the following were buried:

  • Gumprecht II von Neuenahr (* around 1400; † 1484) and his wife
  • Margarethe Countess of Limburg († around 1459), mistress of Bedburg and Hackenbroich; Her grave inscription is preserved in Aegidius Gelenius and in the Alfter Collection ,
  • Johann VII von Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (* around 1440, † 1479) and his wife
  • Philippina von Neuenahr (* around 1445, † 1494), mistress of Hackenbroich,
  • Wilhelm I. von Neuenahr (* around 1447, † 1497); his son Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder wrote his epitaph, and his wife
  • Walburga von Manderscheid (* 1468; † 1530/35)
  • Hermann von Neuenahr the Elder (1492–1530); Georg II von Helfenstein (1518–1573), who was in Cologne in 1562, had a tombstone placed for him.

Around 1505/08, Walburga von Manderscheid and her sons had the Neueahrsche grave place redesigned into a dynasty grave. According to a description by Johann Gottfried von Redinghoven (1662–1724), the parents and their three children were shown kneeling on a glass window . The work of art was probably destroyed in 1805.

Founding of the order

The name of the order appears for the first time as "conventus de Rile" (Riehl?) In the shrine books of the year 1220. Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne , one of the first "patrons" of the order, allowed the nuns to relocate and settle on archbishopric land Floor in Cologne made possible. Around the year 1233, a monastery of the Cistercian women was established at the "Mariengarten", which later became "Mariengartengasse" in downtown Cologne. The rules of the women's order based on the original monastery in Cîteaux (Cistercium). The Cologne monastery was incorporated into the order, so it was subordinate to a father abbot appointed by the general chapter and otherwise enjoyed the same privileges as a male order. One of the abbeys handed down for later times that provided the father abbot was the abbey of the Kamp monastery in what is now Kamp-Lintfort . The abbot had to visit the Cologne Convention annually and determine the number of members. He had to confirm a possibly newly elected abbess and appointed the monastery confessor . As with many women's orders emerging at this time, a high proportion of women religious in the “Mariengarten” monastery came from the houses of the local nobility and patrician families . As a result, due to the "preferred inheritance" or donations from the families of the nuns, the convent quickly achieved prosperity and extensive property. The rush into monastic life was so great that as early as 1236 thirty-one virgins moved from the Mariengarten monastery in Cologne to the nearby new foundation of the Cistercian monastery Marienborn Hürth-Burbach .

Maria ad Ortum chapel

Chapel of St. Maria ad Ortum

Today there are buildings of the West German Broadcasting Corporation on the site of the former monastery . The remaining land between the radio station (street “ An der Rechtschule ”) to the street “Burgmauer” is still interspersed with gardens. As in the old days, many of the church-owned houses are still inhabited by clergy dignitaries. Based on the red collars (collars ) of the clergymen often seen in this “quarter”, the vernacular also speaks of the “ robin quarter ”.

Today's Maria ad Ortum chapel was built to commemorate the monastery and church. Today it serves as a burial place for deceased members of the cathedral chapter before their burial . It is located on the corner of the Burgmauer and Mariengartengasse streets, which are elevated at this point, in the center of the city center, above the remainder of a defensive tower of the Roman city wall on Komödienstraße and thus in the immediate vicinity of the former location. The chapel is located in the Altstadt-Nord district and belongs to the city center of Cologne . This place of worship, although located in the center of the city, is still a place of rest today.

See also: List of Cistercian Monasteries .

Literature / sources

  • Hermann Dickmann: Mariengarten Abbey 1220 - 1802 (St. Maria ad Ortum or ortus sanctae Mariae, Colonia) . In: Cistercienser Chronik 127 vol. (2020), pp. 210–225.
  • Eduard Hegel : St. Kolumba in Cologne, a medieval city parish in its growth and decay. Verlag Franz Schmitt, Siegburg 1996, ISBN 3-87710-177-1 .
  • Hermann-Josef Hüsgen: Cistercian Sisters in Cologne. The monasteries Mariengarten, Seyen and St. Mechtern, St. Apern. Cologne / Vienna 1993.
  • Angela Kulenkampff: On the furnishing of the burial place of the Counts von Neuenahr in the former Cistercian convent Mariengarten in Cologne between 1459 and 1530 - at the same time a contribution to the work of the master of the holy clan . In: Ulrich Schneider (Hrsg.): Festschrift for Gerhard Bott . Anthes, Darmstadt 1987, pp. 29-52.
  • Erich Meuthen : The old University of Cologne. Cologne / Vienna 1988.
  • Robert Wilhelm Rosellen: History of the parishes of the deanery Brühl . JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1887 (From the main book of Burbach Monastery from 1753 - City of Hürth archive, own excerpts)
  • Carsten Schmalstieg: St. Maria ad Ortum. Church of the Cistercian convent Mariengarten. (= Colonia Romanica. Cologne churches and their furnishings in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Volume 3). Cologne 2005.
  • Adam Wrede : New Cologne vocabulary . 3 volumes A - Z, 9th edition. Greven Verlag, Cologne 1984, ISBN 3-7743-0155-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Adam Wrede, Volume II, p. 179, Volume I, p. 116.
  2. ^ Information from the City of Cologne
  3. ^ Image of Maria on the crescent moon with saints and the family of Count Gumprecht in the photo archive of Photo Marburg .
  4. ^ Meuthen, University, p. 352.
  5. ↑ Cf. Regest of a document from Abbess Agnes Dasse dated August 8, 1484; Günter Aders (edit.): Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiwick of Cologne . (Inventories of non-governmental archives 21). Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 1977, No. 122, p. 44 ( PDF , 6.19 MB, of the Landschaftsverband Rheinland).
  6. ↑ a b c d Cf. Aegidius Gelenius: De admiranda Sacra et civili magnitudine Coloniae Claudiae . Jodocus Calcovius (Kalkofen), Cologne 1645, p. 544f ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  7. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1001 Alfter collection).
  8. ↑ See Adolf von Hüpsch: Epigrammatographie or collection of inscriptions… of the Low German provinces , Vol. II. Hans, Cologne 1801, No. 71, pp. 29–31 ( Google Books ).
  9. ↑ According to older literature, her grave was in the parish church of St. Matthias in Reifferscheid (Hellenthal) . The local crypt was not created until 1629; see. Entry on Sankt Matthias Church, Reifferscheid in the " KuLaDig " database of the Rhineland Regional Association , accessed on July 25, 2017.
  10. ↑ The text of the epitaph is reproduced in extracts from Joseph Hartzheim : Bibliotheca coloniensis . Thomas Odendall, Cologne 1747, p. 137 ( Google Books ), and Arnoldus Buchelius with Hermann Keussen: The three journeys of Arnoldus Buchelius from Utrecht to Germany, especially his stay in Cologne I. In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine especially the Old Archdiocese of Cologne 84 (1907), pp. 1–102, esp. Pp. 73f, and in the Alfter Collection, cf. Adolf von Hüpsch: Epigrammatography or collection of inscriptions ... of the Low German provinces , vol. II. Hans, Cologne 1801, no. 82, p. 36f.
  11. ^ Carsten Schmalstieg, St. Maria ad Ortum
  12. ↑ Herman Josef Hüsgen: Cistercian Sisters in Cologne .
  13. ↑ Rosellen: From the main book of the Burbach monastery from 1753.

Web links

Commons : St. Maria ad Ortum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 27.9 ″  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 13 ″  E