Anadara transversa

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Anadara transversa
Anadara transversa

Anadara transversa

Systematics
Order : Arcida
Superfamily : Arcoidea
Family : Ark clams (Arcidae)
Subfamily : Anadarinae
Genre : Anadara
Type : Anadara transversa
Scientific name
Anadara transversa
( Say , 1822)
Anadara transversa inside of the right valve

Anadara transversa is a shell - type from the family of ark shells (Arcidae) in the order of Arcida . The species was originally only native to the American east coast from the Gulf of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean . It wasdetectedfor the first time in the Mediterranean in 1972, first on the Turkish west coast (near Izmir ), in 1992 in Greece ( Gulf of Thessaloniki ) and in 2001 also in the Italian Adriatic . However, she was first wrongly determined there, and only later was her identity with Anadara transversa established.

Anadara transversa (from Kobelt 1891: Plate 38, Fig. 7,8)

features

The somewhat unevenly hinged, moderately expanded case has a maximum length of 38.6 mm. The ratio of length to height to thickness is (according to Kobelt): 23:17:13 mm. The left flap encloses (or protrudes) the right flap. It is unequal to the vertebrae in the front third of the case. The vertebrae are low, broad, and curled forward; they almost touch. The housing is approximately trapezoidal in outline with a straight dorsal edge and a very slightly curved to straight ventral edge; However, the dorsal edge and ventral edge are not exactly parallel, but rather converge slightly towards the front end. The rear edge is flattened and slopes down at an angle of roughly 45 °. The front edge is more rounded and drops off much more steeply. The posterior dorsal margin is much longer than the anterior dorsal margin. The ligament is thin and extends the length of the lock rim on both sides of the vertebra. The area is long and narrow, and extends over the entire dorsal margin. The lock rim is very slightly curved at the bottom and straight at the top. The numerous teeth become somewhat larger towards the outside and diverge more towards the outside.

The aragonitic skin is whitish and comparatively very thin. The ornamentation consists of 29 to 35 radial ribs that are as wide or slightly wider than the spaces between the ribs. The ribs on the front part of the housing are narrow and granular, they become a little wider and flatter towards the rear part of the housing. The scaly, often drawn out, brown periostracum is mostly only present at the edges of the housing. The inner edge of the case is heavily notched.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The distribution area of Anadara transversa stretches on the North American east coast from the Gulf of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. It was detected for the first time in the Mediterranean in 1972 , initially on the Turkish west coast near Izmir . Evidence followed in 1992 in the Gulf of Thessaloniki (Greece) and in 2001 in Italy (Adriatic Sea). In 2008 it was detected in the Ionian Sea and the Gulf of Naples. In 2011, evidence from the waters around Sardinia followed. In 2012 the species was also found in Croatia. A summary of the evidence in Italian waters can be found in Stasolla et al. (2014). In 2016 the first record of the species was published in the Bay of Biscay.

Presumably they were brought here by ships, as they have no commercial significance and were certainly not deliberately settled here. In Turkey the occurrence is limited to the port area; it was no longer detected there in the years after 2000. The occurrence in the Gulf of Thessaloniki is also decreasing. In the Italian Adriatic, it is firmly established in the northern and central parts, while in the southern Adriatic it is limited to individual small occurrences.

The animals live on stony soils, even on hard ground, as well as in sandy-muddy soils in shallow water up to a depth of about 30 meters. They lie mainly on the right flap with linen pinned to the surface of the floors. They seem to tolerate polluted and churned water well, as the occurrence in the port of Ismir and the Gulf of Thessaloniki shows. The animals are suspension filter feeders.

Taxonomy

The taxon was set up in 1822 by Thomas Say as Arca transversa . Today it is generally put to Anadara Gray, 1847.

The Mediterranean specimens were first identified as Arca amygdalum Philippi, 1847, a species that is native to China. Later it turned out that Arca amygdalum Philippi, preoccupied in 1847 by Arca amygdalum Link, was preoccupied in 1807 and therefore invalid. Piani therefore proposed the new name Scapharca demiri for Arca amygdalum Philippi, 1847. Morello and Solustri compared the species with Anadara inaequivalvis (Bruguière, 1789). In 2009 it turned out that the specimens found in the Mediterranean cannot be identified with Arca amygdalum Philippi, 1847 (= Scapharca demiri Piani, 1981 = Anadara demiri (Piani, 1981)), but with Anadara transversa (Say, 1822).

literature

  • Paolo G. Albano, Emidio Rinaldi, Francesca Evangelisti, Michela Kuan, Bruno Sabelli: On the identity and origin of Anadara demiri (Bivalvia: Arcidae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89 (6): 1289-1298, 2009 doi : 10.1017 / S002531540900055
  • Argyro Zenetos, Serge Gofas, Giovanni Russo, José Templado: CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean. Vol.3 Mollusca. CIESM (Frédéric Briand, ed.), Monaco, 2003 ISBN 92-990003-3-6 (p. 212/13)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wilhelm Kobelt: The genus Arca L. In illustrations according to nature with descriptions. Systematic Conchylia Cabinet by Martini and Chemnitz, 8 (2): 1-238, Nuremberg 1891 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 151/52), plate 38 .
  2. ↑ Fabio Crocetta, Walter Renda, Giuseppe Colamonaco: New distributional and ecological data of some marine alien molluscs along the southern Italian coasts. Marine Biodiversity Records, 2: 7 S., 2008. doi : 10.1017 / S1755267208000274
  3. ↑ Alice Lodola, D. Savini, C. Mazziotti, A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi: First record of Anadara transversa (Say, 1822) (Bivalvia: Arcidae) in Sardinian waters (NW Tyrrhenian Sea). Biologia marina mediterranea, 18 (1): 256-257, Genoa 2011 PDF (ResearchGate)
  4. ↑ Vedrana Nerlović, Alper Dogan, Lorena Perić: First record of Anadara transversa (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Arcidae) in Croatian waters (Adriatic Sea). Acta Adriatica, International journal of Marine Sciences, 53 (1): 139-143, Lipanj 2012. PDF
  5. ↑ Gianluca Stasolla, Francesca Riolo, Armando Macali, Cataldo Pierri, Fabio Crocetta: Further spreading in the Italian seas of already established non-indigenous mollusc species. Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, e120; S. 1 to 8, 2014 doi : 10.1017 / S1755267214001079
  6. ↑ Irene Fernández-Rodríguez, Rafael Bañón, Nuria Anandón, Andrés Arias: First record of Anadara transversa (Say, 1822) (Bivalvia: Arcidae) in the Bay of Biscay. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 57: 277-280, 2016 PDF (ResearchGate)
  7. ^ Thomas Say: An Account of some of the Marine Shells of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2: 257-276, Philadelphia, 1822 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 269)
  8. ↑ MolluscaBase: Anadara transversa (Say, 1822)
  9. ^ Muzaffer Demir: On the presence of Arca (Scapharca) amygdalum Philippi, 1847 (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the harbor of Izmir, Turkey. Istanbul Universitesi Fen Kompetenzesi Mecmuasi Ser B, 42: 197-202, Istanbul 1977.
  10. ↑ P. Piani: Scapharca demiri nomen novum per Arca amygdalum Philippi. Bollettino Malacologico, 17: 284, 1981.
  11. ^ E. Morello, C. Solustri: First record of Anadara demiri (Piani, 1981) (Bivalvia: Arcidae) in italian waters. Bollettino Malacologico, 37: 231-234, 2001.

annotation

  1. ↑ In Zenetos et al. the orientation is confused. Accordingly, in this text, the vertebrae are in the back third and the right flap is larger than the left flap.