Anaklasis (orchestral work)
Anaklasis is an avant-garde orchestral work for strings and percussion groups by Krzysztof Penderecki . It was composed between 1959 and 1960 and premiered on October 16, 1960 at the Donaueschinger Musiktage by the Südwestfunk orchestra under the direction of Hans Rosbaud . The work was very successful, played a lot and made the composer a famous personality of new music .
title
The name "anaklasis" ( Greek ἀνάκλασις ) means "bending back" or "light refraction", and in ancient Greek metrics also referred to the exchange of lengths and shortenings in meter, see anaclasis .
occupation
For Anaklasis, Penderecki chose a string apparatus consisting of 42 musicians, which is divided into twenty violins , eight violas , eight cellos and six double basses . The six players operated percussion section consists of a triangle , a gong , six pools , a fanfare , four bells , two bongos , three toms , two congas , three wooden blocks , a chime , a xylorimba and a vibraphone . In addition, a harp , a celesta and a piano are occupied, whereby the pianist also has to play claves .
music
The work can be classified in the field of sound surface composition . In addition, Penderecki's efforts to find new ways of playing the instruments are in the foreground, which are particularly noticeable in the strings: the composer calls for playing between the bridge and tailpiece or prescribes the instructions col legno , flautando and sul ponticello . In addition, pieces of wood are thrown onto the piano strings; A plucked piano chord forms the end of the work.
Among the essential elements of the play, there are clusters verschiedenster kind, quarter-tone - vibrato , different tremolos , the game in extreme situations, the juxtaposition of high and low tone sets, tempo variations , the diversely designed using the dynamic and diverse glissandos . The threefold division of the work is also important: Part A is performed by the strings, thus practically representing the thesis , while Part B is played by the percussion section and thus forms an antithesis . In part C, both groups play together, the contrast became, so to speak, a synthesis . There are flowing transitions between the parts.
The recommended duration of the performance is nine minutes. However, there are also recordings with a significantly shorter length.
literature
- Wolfram Schwinger: Penderecki - life and work . Schott, Mainz 1994, ISBN 3-7957-0265-8 .
- Harenberg, cultural guide concert . Meyers Lexikonverlag, Mannheim 2006, ISBN 978-3-411-76161-6 .
Web links
- Work analysis of anaclasis based on Schwinger; Lecture by Lutz Felbick , on his website