Anatol Rosenfeld

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Anatol Rosenfeld (born August 28, 1912 in Berlin , † December 11, 1973 in São Paulo ) was a German literary critic .

Life

Rosenfeld studied philosophy , literature and history at the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin from 1930 to 1934 . He left Germany during the 1936 Olympic Games .

“A visitor (to the games) asked him for information on the street. Since they spoke in English, a Gestapo spy said that Rosenfeld had spread “horror tales about Germany”. Rosenfeld was then asked to present himself to the Gestapo. He, who was a Jew and also a leftist, fled to Holland. " , wrote Roberto Schwarz in an article published in the Brazilian newspaper O Estado de São Paulo .

Exile in Brazil

In 1937 Rosenfeld came to Brazil on a tourist visa. In the beginning he worked as a day laborer for large landowners in the interior of the state of São Paulo . He later became a door foreman in Londrina ( Paraná state ) and finally a sales representative for ties and lingerie. He covered the distance from Marília (São Paulo) to Cuiabá (MT) by train . Since his tourist visa had expired, he did not dare to return to São Paulo. In an inland village, a police officer wanted to arrest him and his colleague Walter Lewy, whose tourist visa had also expired. However, this official changed his mind and not only released the two, but also gave them permanent visas. When Rosenfeld had set aside enough money, he went to São Paulo, where he rented a modest room in a boarding house. He stopped traveling and from now on devoted himself exclusively to his further training and the study of the Portuguese language . Before the end of the war, he began writing articles in Portuguese for newspapers in São Paulo, including Crônica Israelita , edited by Alfred Hirschberg . One example of this is his long and well-founded essay on National Socialism entitled As causas psicológicas do nazismo (The Psychological Reasons of National Socialism), which was published in the Jornal de São Paulo in 1945 .

Professional career as a literary critic

In order to survive, Rosenfeld gave private lessons in philosophy, dramaturgy and literature. He also took part in the small literary circles that literally sprouted from the ground among the mainly Jewish exiles, especially in the post-war period. These circles, which can be described as a kind of lifeline against spiritual shipwreck in the alien world, also served the exiles for positioning. Rosenfeld z. B. refused to write articles in German for the newly formed German press until the late 1950s. On the other hand, membership in these circles made access to the Brazilian intellectual circles more difficult. Rosenfeld made the leap, however, when he was invited in 1956 by Antônio Cândido , the editor of the literary supplement of the O Estado de São Paulo , to write articles for the supplement. Rosenfeld wrote the column Letras Germânicas . Over the years Rosenfeld established himself with this newspaper as a literary critic par excellence and at the same time as an excellent cultural mediator who has built a bridge between German-language art and literature and Brazil. Until his death, Rosenfeld received invitations to Brazilian universities on a regular basis. After Antônio Cândido, he always refused these invitations because he did not want to give up his intellectual independence. An exception was his teaching from 1962 to 1967 at the Escola de Arte Dramática (São Paulo), which was a private and unconventional institution. Through his courses and lectures at this school, he contributed to the spread of Brecht 's theater pedagogy and also to the renewal of Brazilian theater. Rosenfeld was the author of many works on theater and literary topics, which are standard works to this day.

Works

  • Doze Estudos. Conselho Estadual de Cultura, São Paulo 1959
  • O Teatro Epico. DESA, São Paulo 1965. (New edition 1985 by Perspectiva).
  • A Personagem de Ficção (with Antonio Candido, Décio de Almeida Prado and Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes). Perspectiva, São Paulo 1968.
  • Teatro Alemão. Brasiliense, São Paulo 1968.
  • Texto / Contexto. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1969.
  • Estrutura e Problemas das Obras Literárias. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1976.
  • Os Protocolos dos Sábios de Sião. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1976.
  • Teatro Moderno. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1977.
  • O Mito eo Herói no Moderno Teatro Brasileiro. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1982.
  • O Pensamento Psicológico. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1984.
  • Texto / Contexto II. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1993.
  • História da Literatura e do Teatro Alemães. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1993.
  • Prismas do Teatro. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1993.
  • Letras Germânicas. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1993.
  • Negro, Macumba e Futebol. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1993.
  • Thomas Mann. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1994.
  • Letras e Leituras. Perspectiva, São Paulo 1994.
  • Na Cinelândia Paulistana. Perspectiva, São Paulo 2002.
  • Cinema: Arte & Indústria. Perspectiva, São Paulo 2003.
  • Anatol of Road. EDUSP / Perspectiva, São Paulo 2003.
  • Anatol on the road. Perspectiva, São Paulo 2006.

literature

  • Izabela Maria Furtado Kestler : The exile literature and the exile of the German-speaking writers and publicists in Brazil. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-631-45160-1 .
  • Jacó Guinsburg, Plínio Martins Filho (ed.): Sobre Anatol Rosenfeld. Com-Arte, São Paulo 1995.

See also

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Rosenfeld, Anatol
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German literary critic
DATE OF BIRTH August 28, 1912
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH December 11, 1973
Place of death São Paulo