Ankcherednefer

Anchcherednefer in hieroglyphics
	Anchcherednefer's cube stool

Ankhkherednefer (also Anchrenepnefer or Anchscherinefer ) was in the reign of Osorkon II. (880 -.. 851 BC) an ancient Egyptian high positioned officials. It is documented on a statue in the British Museum in London (BM 1007), which was found in 1883 by Édouard Naville in Tell el-Maschuta . The statue is a squatting figure with a naos in front of its legs and in it a squatting figure of the god Atum . The smooth wig is adorned with a scarab in high relief on the head, on both sides of the face there are symmetrically arranged relief representations of the dead gods Osiris and Sokar .

Statue of Anchcherednefer

Both sides of the figure of Anchcherednefer were flanked with the divine triads Amun-Re , Mut and Chonsu as well as Harmachis , Schu and Tefnut :

“Amun-Re, Mut and Chonsu grant that the name Anchcherednefer, the good note-taker of Atum , the Lord of Tura, may last forever. Harmachis, Schu and Tefnut grant that the name of the great inspector of the palace , ... good note-taker of the area of Atum , the lord of Tura, will remain forever. "

- Statue of the Anchcherednefer

The figure of a child (also read chered ) is carved into the area between his two hands . It holds a Nefer and an Ankh symbol in its hands and playfully depicts the name Anchcherednefer. A biographical inscription on the statue reads:

“I was one who moved freely [in] the secluded palace. I was pleasant to my master because I was raised (well). [I] joined him at the head of the courtiers and the thirtieth council, asking for (?) The voice of Horus to what was said. I came out with his orders, easing the distress and reassuring expressions of argument. My mouth was persistent in it [in driving the lie? ... I was like ...] his (the king's) son when he obeys and does good for his father [in] Pithom. The reward for this is a sed festival for the king, Horus, the heir of Re (Osorkon, loved by Amun, son of Bastet). I found my way ... "

- Statue of the Anchcherednefer

The statue is the most important, because it is the best preserved and most definitely dated example of the Lower Egyptian private sculpture of the 22nd dynasty, to which round pictures, such as the statues of Paanmeni , that are not dated by royal names in inscriptions .

Historical meaning

Detail of the statue of Anchcherednefer

Édouard Naville suspected on the basis of the texts and other finds that the place Tell el-Maschuta could be equated with the biblical " Pitom / Pithom " under Ex 1.11 EU . In the past, therefore, there were controversial discussions about the question of whether Tell el-Maschuta should be identified with “Pitom / Pithom” or Sukkot . However, further archaeological investigations could prove beyond doubt that Tell el-Maschuta was only known as the “new Pitom / Pithom” under Pharaoh Necho II around 610 BC. Was founded after the place remained uninhabited since the end of the Second Intermediate Period (around 1550 BC) due to the successful expulsion of the Hyksos by Kamose and Ahmose I.

With the re-establishment of Tell el-Maschuta, the fortress town of Tell er-Retaba was probably abandoned by the residents at the same time. The strata show that Tell er-Retaba dates from about 600 BC. Until at least 400 BC BC remained without settlement. Since the statue of Anchcherednefer dates from 880 - 851 BC. Dated to the original location of Tell er-Retaba, which was continuously inhabited during the Ramessid and Late Period , is now assumed to be the original site . After the re-establishment of Tell el-Maschuta, the statue of Anchcherednefer must have been transported there. The statue of Anchcherednefer is therefore an important chronological evidence regarding the subject of the biblical tradition of the Exodus from Egypt in the context of the original installation site, since Tell el-Maschuta as the "place of the Exodus from Egypt" or as a "Ramessidic" Pitom / Pithom "in the Near Pi-Ramesse ”.

literature

Édouard Naville : The Store-city of Pithom and the Route of the Exodus. First edition, Trübner, London 1885, pp. 13-14 with English translation, frontispiece, text on panel IV, online (first publication)
Karl Jansen-Winkeln : Egyptian biographies of the 22nd and 23rd dynasties. Part 1: Translation and Commentary. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1985, pp. 269-71 ISBN 3-447-02525-5 (translation of the biographical information on the back pillar).
Karl Jansen-Winkeln: inscriptions of the late period. Vol. II: The 22.-24. Dynasty. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-447-05582-6 , pp. 126-127 (hieroglyphic text).
Helmut Brandl, Karl-Jansen-Winkeln: Five monuments of the Supreme Doctor Pa-an-meni from the 22nd dynasty. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Cairo Department. Vol. 64, 2008, pp. 20-22, plate 14b. ( online at academia.edu ).
Helmut Brandl: Investigations into the stone private sculpture of the Third Intermediate Period. Typology, iconography, style. MBV, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-86664-482-3 , pp. 81–82, 314, 328–330, plates 36–37, 156c, 162e, 180c (also: dissertation, Humboldt University Berlin 2003).

Web links

Commons : Ankhkherednefer - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

↑ The god is shown in the original with a double crown and without a scepter. In the inscription, the deity Atum was also titled as Lord of An (Tura) . An could be archaeologically identified with the place Tura; according to Kathryn A. Bard, Steven Blake Shubert: Tell el-Maskhuta In: Encyclopedia of the Archeology of ancient Egypt . Routledge, London 1999, ISBN 0-415-18589-0 , p. 958.

Individual evidence

↑ Reading of the name according to Hermann Ranke: Die Ägyptischen Personalennamen. Vol. I, Augustin, Glückstadt 1935, p. 66, No. 8 ( online as PDF ).
^ Hermann Ranke: The Egyptian personal names. Vol. I, Glückstadt 1935, p. 66, No. 8.
↑ after É. Naville: The Store-city of Pithom. London 1885, pp. 13-14.
^ Translation from É. Naville: The Store-city of Pithom. London 1885, p. 14.
^ Translation according to Janssen-Winkeln: Egyptian biographies of the 22nd and 23rd dynasties. Part 1, Wiesbaden 1985, pp. 269-70 and É. Naville: The Store-city of Pithom. London 1885, p. 14.
↑ John S. Holladay: Tell el-Maskhuta. In: Kathryn A. Bard, Steven Blake Shubert: Encyclopedia of the archeology of ancient Egypt . Routledge, London 1999, ISBN 0-415-18589-0 , pp. 786-789.
^ Daniel I. Block, Bryan H. Cribb, Gregory S. Smith: Israel: Ancient Kingdom or Late Invention? B & H Publications, Nashville 2008, ISBN 0-8054-4679-6 , pp. 115-120.

personal data
SURNAME	Ankcherednefer
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Anrenepnefer
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	ancient Egyptian official
DATE OF BIRTH	9th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH	9th century BC Chr.

[2] The god is shown in the original with a double crown and without a scepter. In the inscription, the deity Atum was also titled as Lord of An (Tura) . An could be archaeologically identified with the place Tura; according to Kathryn A. Bard, Steven Blake Shubert: Tell el-Maskhuta In: Encyclopedia of the Archeology of ancient Egypt . Routledge, London 1999, ISBN 0-415-18589-0 , p. 958.

[1] Reading of the name according to Hermann Ranke: Die Ägyptischen Personalennamen. Vol. I, Augustin, Glückstadt 1935, p. 66, No. 8 ( online as PDF ).

[3] Hermann Ranke: The Egyptian personal names. Vol. I, Glückstadt 1935, p. 66, No. 8.

[4] ter É. Naville: The Store-city of Pithom. London 1885, pp. 13-14.

[5] Translation from É. Naville: The Store-city of Pithom. London 1885, p. 14.

[6] Translation according to Janssen-Winkeln: Egyptian biographies of the 22nd and 23rd dynasties. Part 1, Wiesbaden 1985, pp. 269-70 and É. Naville: The Store-city of Pithom. London 1885, p. 14.

[7] John S. Holladay: Tell el-Maskhuta. In: Kathryn A. Bard, Steven Blake Shubert: Encyclopedia of the archeology of ancient Egypt . Routledge, London 1999, ISBN 0-415-18589-0 , pp. 786-789.

[8] Daniel I. Block, Bryan H. Cribb, Gregory S. Smith: Israel: Ancient Kingdom or Late Invention? B & H Publications, Nashville 2008, ISBN 0-8054-4679-6 , pp. 115-120.