Sunesen is different

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Anders Sunesen, depicted (1885) at the Battle of Lyndanisse , 1219

Anders Sunesen (also Andreas Sunesen , * approx. 1167 ; † June 24, 1228 in Ivö ) was Archbishop of Lund , military leader and advisor to the Danish king Waldemar II.

Life

Sunesen comes from the influential noble family of the Hvide (Weiss), his cousin was Absalon von Lund . He studied philosophy , theology and law in Paris , Bologna and Oxford and was considered "at least for Northern Europe [as] a highly learned man and one of the most outstanding theologians of his time." Various writings have survived from him, his main work is the Hexaëmeron ("The work of six days of creation "), a Latin poem in 8,040 hexameters.

In the wake of Waldemar II, Sunesen participated in several campaigns to Livonia from the beginning of the 13th century . After Albert von Buxthoeven had appointed Theodoric bishop of (Northern) Estonia in 1211 , the Order of the Brothers of the Swords tried to establish its own diocese in southern Estonia under Sunesen's leadership, but this did not succeed. At the Battle of Lyndanisse (1219), in which Theodoric fell and, according to legend, the Dannebrog fell from the sky to save the Danes, Sunesen took part as a military leader.

Sunesen spent his last years, most likely suffering from leprosy , on the island Ivö in Ivösjön in Skåne , which at that time belonged to Denmark . The fact that a coin with the seal of Anders Sunesen was struck in Tallinn around 1220 testifies to its importance for Estonia .

Literary processing

In the novel Excavations, the Estonian writer Jaan Kross lets his protagonist find an alleged Sunesen handwriting during archaeological work in Tallinn. In it, Sunesen shows remorse in view of his leprosy and distances himself from his previous missionary work: “All of our coming here was evil. The king wanted nothing more than to incorporate this country into his domain. Otherwise the Germans from Riga or the Russians from Novgorod would probably have seized the country sooner or later. The conversion of the Estonians to Christianity was a pretext for the king to justify the conquest. My role was to cover blood and violence with the altar cloth. ”The novel, published in 1990, is set in the mid-1950s and the main character does not manage to publish the sensational manuscript because the parallels between the Middle Ages and the Soviet era , when Estonia from annexed to the Soviet Union were too obvious.

literature

  • C. Rosenberg: Anders Suneson (Lat. Andreas Sunonis) . In: Nils Linder (Ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 1st edition. tape 1 : A-barograph . Gernandts boktryckeri, Stockholm 1876, Sp. 709-710 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  • Hans Olrik: Sunesen, Anders . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 16 : Skarpenberg – Sveistrup . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1902, p. 585-589 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  • Hans Olrik: Different Sunesen . In: Christian Blangstrup (Ed.): Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon . 2nd Edition. tape 1 : A – Arbejdergilder . JH Schultz Forlag, Copenhagen 1915, p. 725-726 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  • Aksel E. Christensen: Anders Sunesen . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. tape 14 : Steenberg – Trepka . Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1983, ISBN 87-01-77502-2 (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  • Sten Ebbesen (Ed.): Anders Sunesen: stormand, teolog, administrator, digter. Gads forlag, Copenhagen 1985.
  • Alan V. Murray (Ed.): Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier, 1150-1500. Aldershot 2001.
  • Torben K. Nielsen: Archbishop Anders Sunesen and Pope Innocent III: Papal Privileges and Episcopal Virtues. In: Karsten Friis-Jensen, Inge Skovgaard-Petersen (Ed.): Archbishop Absalon of Lund and his World. Roskilde 2000, pp. 113-132.
  • Torben K. Nielsen: The Missionary Man: Archbishop Anders Sunesen and the Baltic Crusade. In: Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier, 1150-1500. Aldershot 2001, pp. 95-117.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Anti Selart: The Conquest of Livonia (12th and 13th centuries). In: The Baltic States. History of a European Region. Hiersemann Verlag, Stuttgart 2018, p. 178.
  2. ↑ Anders Sunesen: Hexaëmeron. Gengivet på danske vers af HD Schepelern. Med en efterskrift af oversætteren og Jørgen Pedersen. Det danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab, Copenhagen 1985.
  3. ↑ Eesti ajalugu II. Eesti keskaeg. Koostanud ja toimetanud Anti Selart. Tartu Ülikooli Ajaloo ja aheoloogia instituut, Tartu 2012, p. 45.
  4. ↑ Eesti ajalugu II. Eesti keskaeg. Koostanud ja toimetanud Anti Selart. Tartu Ülikooli Ajaloo ja aheoloogia instituut, Tartu 2012, p. 222.
  5. ↑ Jaan Kross: Excavations. Novel. From the Estonian by Cornelius Hasselblatt. dipa-Verlag, Frankfurt 1995, ISBN 3-7638-0343-2 , p. 173.
predecessor Office successor
Absalon from Lund Archbishop of Lund
1201–1222 		Peder Saxesen
personal data
SURNAME Sunesen, Anders
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sunesen, Andreas; Sunononis, Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Lund
DATE OF BIRTH around 1167
DATE OF DEATH June 24, 1228
Place of death Ivö , Sweden