André Martinet

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André Martinet (born April 12, 1908 in Saint-Alban-des-Villards , Canton La Chambre ; † July 16, 1999 in Châtenay-Malabry ) was a famous French linguist who had a great influence on structuralism .

André Martinet's signature
Langue et fonction , paperback 1971

Life

André Martinet studied English and graduated from an agrégation . In 1937 he defended two doctoral theses at once: La Gémination consonantique d'origine expressive dans les langues germaniques (The doubling of consonants of expressive origin in the Germanic languages) and La Phonologie du mot en danois (The phonology of the word in Danish).

From 1938 to 1946 he was director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études . After the war Martinet went to New York , where he headed the International Auxiliary Language Association from 1946 to 1948 and contributed to the development of the world auxiliary language Interlingua . From 1947 to 1955 Martinet taught at Columbia University , where he was appointed head of the linguistic department. He also became editor of Word magazine .

In 1955 Martinet returned to France, where on the one hand he took up his position at the École pratique des hautes études again, on the other hand he held the chair for general linguistics at the Sorbonne (Paris V). In 1966 he was President of the European Association of Linguists. He also founded the Society for Functional Linguistics and the magazine La Linguistique .

In his 1993 memoirs, there are statements about his former colleagues Roman Jakobson , Emile Benveniste and Noam Chomsky , who were viewed by some as anti-Semitic. However, his students and the editor of the journal La Linguistique , which he founded, distanced themselves from this accusation.

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Influenced by the Prague School , Martinet founded the functionalist syntax ( Syntaxe générale , 1985). In addition, he wrote around twenty important works on general linguistics ( Éléments de linguistique générale , 1960), diachronic linguistics and systematically conditioned sound change ( Économie des changements phonétiques , 1955, 1982 in a revised German version) and comparative linguistics ( Des steppes aux océans , 1986). His most famous work, Éléments de linguistique générale , has been translated into 17 languages ​​and has influenced an entire generation of linguists in France and beyond.

André Martinet's functional structuralism is based on the concept of the double articulation of human language, which he introduced in 1949 , which distinguishes it from all other sign systems.

Publications

André Martinet, Henriette Walter: Le Dictionnaire de la prononciation française dans son usage réel . 1973
  • La description phonologique avec application au parler francoprovençal d'Hauteville (Savoie) , coll. “Publication romanes et françaises”, Genève, Librairie Droz, 1956.
  • Éléments de linguistique générale , Paris, Armand Colin, 1960.
  • A functional view of language . Oxford: Clarendon, 1962.
    • Langue et function . Translation from English into French Henriette Walter , Gerard Walter. Paris: Gonthier / Denoel, 1971
  • La linguistique synchronique , Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1965.
  • Le français sans fard , coll. "Sup", Paris, PUF, 1969.
  • Évolution des langues et reconstruction , Paris, PUF, 1975.
  • Syntaxe générale , 1985.
  • Des steppes aux océans , Paris, Payot, 1986.
  • Fonction et dynamique des langues , Paris, Armand Colin, 1989.
  • Mémoires d'un linguiste, vivre les langues , 1993.

proof

  1. ↑ Historia de Interlingua: Interview with André Martinet (ia)
  2. ↑ Biographia de André Martinet (ia)
  3. ↑ See the Témoignage statement in: La Linguistique 30: 1 (1994), pp. 3-8.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Martinet, André
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French linguist
DATE OF BIRTH April 12, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint-Alban-des-Villards , Canton of La Chambre
DATE OF DEATH July 16, 1999
Place of death Châtenay-Malabry