Andreas Hess (printer)

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Andreas Hess was a book printer working in Buda around 1473 . The first two incunabula printed in the Kingdom of Hungary were made on his printing press . Individual other works that were probably printed in Hungary are also ascribed to him.

The main source of knowledge about Andreas Hess is the preface to the first book he printed in Buda

Andreas Hess writes that he learned his trade in Lazio . Its use of types to judge by, they probably worked in the printing office of Georg Lauer in Rome . The provost of Buda László Karai ( Ladislaus de Kara ), who was ambassador in Rome in 1470, invited him to Hungary. Due to the noticeably heavy wear of the limited type material, it is assumed that Andreas Hess traveled to Buda without matrices and thus could not re-cast his types. The paper he used came from Italy. Only after long delays could the first book be finished before the Pentecost market in 1473. The first sheet, which presumably contained a dedication, and a corresponding sheet with text were removed shortly before the book was finished, the latter was re-set and replaced, and the dedication to László Karai was printed on a page that was originally free. Probably Johann Vitez was initially intended as the recipient of the dedication, but as one of the leaders of a conspiracy against King Matthias Corvinus, he fell out of favor and died a prisoner in 1472.

As the first book to be printed, Andreas Hess chose a history of the Hungarians ( Chronica Hungarorum ). Until 1342, this work follows a Franciscan chronicle from Buda, for the reign of Louis the Great , János Küküllei's biography is used. The authorship of the last part, which treats the rulers of Hungary annually for the period from 1382 to 1468, is usually attributed to Andreas Hess himself, an anonymous proofreader in his office or an official of the Buda chancellery. The edition is estimated at around 240 copies, of which 11 are still extant. A number of printed copies were made, one of them by Hartmann Schedel . A little later, Hess published two texts in a smaller format, a treatise by Basil the Great and the Apology of Socrates by Xenophon , translated by Leonardo Bruni , both works aimed at an audience interested in humanism. After that his track is lost.

A group of three incunabula published between 1477 and 1480, a confessional manual by Antoninus of Florence , a Vita of Jerome written by Laudivio Zacchia, and a letter of indulgence issued by the Pressburg canon Johannes Han , were probably also made in Hungary. The types used are indeed identical or closely related to those of the in Naples working Matthias Moravus , but the print quality was not reached and used different paper. In addition, the provenance of the few surviving specimens indicates that they were made in the Kingdom of Hungary. Whether this printing works was in Pressburg (today's Bratislava) or in other, unknown places in the Kingdom of Hungary is a matter of dispute, especially between Slovak and Hungarian researchers. An entry in the Preßburger Kammerbuch about the payment of citizens' money by the painter or printer Andreas from Vienna led Eva Frimmová to assume that he had printed those three incunabula and was perhaps identical to Andreas Hess. Although book printers were sometimes also referred to as overprinters in Vienna, this job title was used with movable type before the invention of printing and could also have included printing on stuff .

literature

  • Gábor Farkas Farkas: Chronica Hungarorum: The First Printed Book in Hungary (Buda, 1473). In: Stefan Kiedroń and Anna-Maria Rimm (eds.): Early Modern Print Culture in Central Europe. Proceedings of the Young Scholars Section of the Wrocław Seminars September 2013. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2014, pp. 11-20 ( PDF, 5.05 MB ).
  • Gedeon Borsa : Andreas Hess. Argumentum Kiadó, [Budapest] 2013, ISBN 978-963-446-703-8 ( A Magyar Könyvszemle és a MOKKA-R Egyesület füzetei 6).
  • Eva Frimmová: L'activité de l'imprimeur Andreas entre 1477 et 1480 à Presbourg. In: Magyar Könyvszemle 129 (2013) 4, pp. 424–447 ( PDF, 342 kB ).
  • Gedeon Borsa: Hess, Andreas. In: Lexicon of the entire book industry. Second, completely revised edition 3 (1991), p. 460.
  • Béla Varjas: The fate of a printing company in the eastern part of Central Europe (Andreas Hess in Buda). In: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch 52 (1977), pp. 42-48 ( Digisites ).
  • Géza Sajó and Erzsébet Soltész: Catalogus incunabulorum quae in bibliothecis publicis Hungariae asservantur. 1. A - N. Acad. Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest 1970, pp. LIII – LXII ( PDF, 11.02 MB ).
  • József Fitz: Andreas Hess, the first printer in Hungary. [Kner], [Gyoma] [1937] ( PDF, 57 kB ).

Web links

Commons : András Hess  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Gedeon Borsa: Line height problems with the first printing house in Hungary. In: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch 64 (1989), pp. 97-100 ( digisites ); ders .: Milyen műhelye lehetett Hessnek Budán? In: Magyar Könyvszemle 105 (1989), 3, pp. 237–246, German summary on p. 246 ( PDF, 1 MB ); different Zoltánné Soltész: Milyen tervekkel és felszereléssel jöhetett Budára Hess András? In: Magyar Könyvszemle 90 (1974), 1-2, pp. 1-13, German summary on pp. 12 f. ( PDF, 4.86 MB ).
  2. ↑ Gedeon Borsa: Hess nyomtatványainak papírja és kötése. In: Magyar Könyvszemle 105 (1989), 1, pp. 1-19, illustration of the watermarks on p. 3, German summary on p. 19 ( PDF, 3.59 MB ).
  3. ↑ Gedeon Borsa: Hess betűöntvényeinek mérete és az ebből levonható következtetések. In: Magyar Könyvszemle 104 (1988) 4, pp. 235-247, German summary on p. 247 ( PDF, 1.37 MB ).
  4. ↑ Gedeon Borsa: A hazai Könyvnyomtatás megalapítása. In: Magyar Könyvszemle 105 (1989), 4, pp. 338-354, German summary on p. 354 ( PDF, 1.57 MB ).
  5. ↑ Lesław Spychała: Chronicon Budense. In: Raymond Graeme Dunphy (Ed.). The encyclopaedia of the medieval chronicle. Brill, Leiden 2010, pp. 313-314. On the previous owners of the copy in the Scheide Library in Princeton, cf. Gábor Farkas Farkas: Chronica Hungarorum in Silesia. The first printed book in Hungary and the Silesian thread. In: Bibliotheca Nostra 38 (2014), 4, pp. 30–37 ( PDF, 211 kB ).
  6. ^ The statement by Cristina Neagu: The Power of the Book and the Kingdom of Hungary during the Fifteenth Century. In: David Rundle (ed.). Humanism in fifteenth-century Europe. Society for the Study of Medieval Languages ​​and Literature, Oxford 2012, ISBN 0907570232 ( Medium ævum monographs 30), pp. 147–174, here p. 160, Andreas Hess returned to Rome in 1474, is probably due to a reading error. At Clifford W. Maas: German Printers and the German Community in Renaissance Rome. In: The Library s5-XXXI (1976), pp. 118–126, here p. 121 ( doi: 10.1093 / library / s5-XXXI.2.118 ), p. 121, to which Neagu refers, the year can actually be found 1474, but he again refers to Ferdinand Geldner : The German incunabula printer. A manual of the German printer of the XV. Century by place of printing. Second volume: The foreign language areas. A. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1970, ISBN 3777270229 , where nothing of the kind is stated .
  7. ↑ GW 2108 .
  8. ↑ GW M1720910 .
  9. ↑ GW 12119 .
  10. ^ On this Peter Amelung: Moravus, Matthias. In: Lexicon of the entire book industry. Second, completely revised edition 5 (1999), pp. 232-233 and Piero Scapecchi:  Mattia Moravo. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 72:  Massimino-Mechetti. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2009, pp. 284-285.
  11. ↑ Elisabeth Soltész: A unique incunable from the Budapest university library . A new document for the work of an unknown Hungarian printing house in the XV. Century. In: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch 33 (1958), pp. 59-68 ( Digisites ).
  12. ↑ See e.g. B. Imrich Kotvan: Cradle prints that were printed in Bratislava. In: Villes d'imprimerie et moulins a paper du XIV e au XVI e siècle. Aspects économiques et sociaux. Colloque International, Spa, September 11-14, 1973, Actes. Crédit Communal de Belgique, Brussels 1976 ( Collection Histoire Pro Civitate, série in-8 ° 43), pp. 211–216 and Csaba Csapodi: Where was the second Hungarian incunabulum printer active? (Buda or Pozsony / Pressburg?). In: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch 58 (1983), pp. 163-165 ( digisites ).
  13. ↑ Eva Frimmová: Počiatky kníhtlače na Slovensku. In: Sborník Národního muzea v Praze, řada C - Literární historie 57 (2012), 1–2, p. 108–112, German summary p. 112 ( PDF, 171 kB  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ); This: L'activité de l'imprimeur Andreas entre 1477 et 1480 à Presbourg. In: Magyar Könyvszemle 129 (2013) 4, pp. 424–447 ( PDF, 342 kB ).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nm.cz  
  14. ^ Wilhelm Ludwig Schreiber: The shape cut. Its history, varieties, technology, development and its iconological basis. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1929 ( Handbook of wood and metal cuts of the 15th century 7), p. 91 ( digitized version ).
  15. ^ Hansjürgen Kiepe: The Nuremberg Priameldichtung. Investigations on Hans Rosenplüt and on writing and printing in the 15th century. Artemis Verlag, Munich 1984, ISBN 3760833748 , pp. 136-137
personal data
SURNAME Hess, Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Book printer
DATE OF BIRTH 15th century
DATE OF DEATH 15th century or 16th century