Anglo-Normans

The Anglon- Normans are the descendants of the Normans who ruled England after the Norman conquest by William the Conqueror in 1066 and who subsequently represented a population separated from the Anglo-Saxon , Celtic and Danish inhabitants of the island. Their language was Anglo-Norman .

The Norman-Anglo-Saxon conflict

This demarcation became clear in the army, which consisted of Anglo-Norman noble horsemen and mostly Anglo-Saxon (often equally noble) infantry. The younger Anglo-Norman aristocracy often adopted Anglo-Saxon customs such as long hair and mustaches.

The degree of the following social conflicts between Normans and Anglo-Saxons is a controversial issue among historians. The view of the 19th century with its popular legends ( Robin Hood , Ivanhoe ) is likely to contain exaggerations, as well as the writings of Ordericus Vitalis , in whose Historia Ecclesiastica (1125) the resistance of the Anglo-Saxons against the Normans is praised. On the other hand, the Mudrum fine law imposed a heavy fine for killing a Norman, which should prove the frequency of such attacks.

In the 12th century the two population groups had mixed so much that the conflicts disappeared.

Ireland

Anglo-Norman , but above all Cambro-Norman barons conquered Ireland from the end of the 1160s . At first they supported regional Irish kings like Dermot MacMurrough , but a little later they established their own rulers there. Henry II of England then enforced royal rule over Ireland. Many of the conquerors came from Wales , which is why medievalists refer to them as Cambro-Normans.

They merged with the island's Celtic nobility, especially outside the Dublin area . They are referred to as "Old English", but this name did not appear until 1580, 400 years after their first appearance in Ireland.

Anglo-Norman families

d'Anvers
d'Aubigny (or d'Albini)
de Bailleul
de Beauchamp
de Beaumont
Bigot
de Bohun
de Bourg (or de Burgh)
de Briouze (or de Braose )
de Bruce
de Clare
Clifford
de Crépon
de Dunstanville
de Ferrières (or de Ferrers )

Fitzalan
FitzWalter
de Gand
Giffard
de Grandmesnil
d'Harcourt
de Lacy
Lestrange
de Mandeville
Mauduit
de Montfort
de Montaigu (or de Montague)
Mortimer
de Montbray (or Mowbray)

de Montgommery (or Montgommerie, Montgomery)
Neville
Paynel
de Percy
Peverel
Pippard
de Quincy
de Reviers or Redvers
de Say
Talbot
de Tosny
de Vere
de Warenne

literature

David Crouch: The Normans: The History of a Dynasty . Hambledon & London, 2002.
Lewis C. Loyd: The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families . (Harleian Society Publications, Volume 103) The Society, 1951 (Genealogical Publishing Co., 1980).
Regesta Regum Anglo Normannorum, 1066-1154 . (Henry William Davis & Robert J. Shotwell, eds) 4 volumes. Clarendon Press, 1913 (AMS Press, 1987).

Web links

Commons : Anglo-Normans - album with pictures, videos and audio files