Anogeissus leiocarpa
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Anogeissus leiocarpa inflorescence |
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| ( DC. ) Guill. & Perr. |
Anogeissus leiocarpa is a species of the winged family(Combretaceae).
Occurrence
This species grows in the countries of the Sudan zone in savannahs and dry forests, in the Sahel zone mostly along watercourses with wide distribution in Africa , west of Gambia to east to Ethiopia and in the south to the Congo .
description
Appearance and leaf
Anogeissus leiocarpa grows as a deciduous shrub or small tree and reaches heights of usually 15, rarely up to 30 meters. The straight trunk has a diameter of up to 1 meter. The bark of the branches is downy and hairy. The gray and light to dark brown spotted bark contains a dark resin.
The alternate to almost opposite leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 1 to 6 millimeters long. The simple, entire leaf blade is ovate to elliptical or ovate-lanceolate with a wedge-shaped to blunt blade base and blunt or pointed top with a length of 2 to 10 centimeters and a width of 1 to 4 centimeters. The initially silky hairy leaf surfaces have four to eight pairs of lateral nerves. Stipules are missing.
Inflorescence and flower
The two pairs of bracts fall off early. The inflorescence shaft is up to 2.5 inches long. The lateral or terminal inflorescences are spherical with a diameter of 0.5 to 2 centimeters. The relatively small, fragrant flowers are hermaphroditic, radial symmetry and five-fold. The stem-like flower base is 3 to 4 millimeters long. The five light yellow sepals are fused bell-shaped over a length of about 1 millimeter. Petals are missing. There are ten stamens. The thread-like stamens are about 3 millimeters long. The anthers are heart-shaped. The lower, single-chamber ovary is hairy rust-colored above its center. The stylus is thread-shaped.
Fruit and seeds
The round fruit (Samara) is 4 to 10 millimeters × 6 to 11 millimeters × 2 to 2.5 millimeters in size and has two wings. The fruit, which is yellow to reddish-brown when ripe, has a short beak and only contains one seed. The seed is egg-shaped-spindle-shaped with a length of about 3 millimeters and a diameter of about 2 millimeters.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
use
Anogeissus leiocarpa is used to dye fabrics such as the well-known Bogolan fabrics from Mali .
The wood of the Anogeissus leiocarpa is highly valued because of its resistance to rot and termite infestation in the region of the inland delta of the Niger for scaffolding components in mosques , such as toron beams in the clay mosques of Timbuktu .
swell
- PROTA 3 : Dyes and tannins / Colorants et tanins . (Section description)
literature
- J. Berhaut: Flore Illustrée du Sénégal , Volume 2. Dakar, 1974.
- M. Arbonnier: Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d'Afrique de l'Ouest. CIRAD, Montpellier, 2000, ISBN 2-87614-431-X
- A. Thiombiano, M. Schmidt, H. Kreft & S. Guinko: Influence du gradient climatique sur la distribution des espèces de Combretaceae au Burkina Faso (Afrique de l'Ouest). In: Candollea , 61, 2006, pp. 189-203: pdf.
- KJ Hennenberg, V. Minden, D. Goetze, D. Traoré & S. Porembski: Size-class distribution of Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae) along forest-savanna ecotones in northern Ivory Coast. In: J. Trop. Ecol. , 21, 2005, pp. 273-281.
- Dorothee Gruner, The Lehmmoschee am Niger , documentation of a traditional building type, Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-515-05357-3
Web links
- Anogeissus leiocarpa in U. Brunken, M. Schmidt, S. Dressler, T. Janssen, A. Thombiano, & G. Zizka: West African plants - A Photo Guide , Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt / Main, 2008.
- Seed leaflet (PDF file; 197 kB)