Anton Palvadre
Anton Palvadre (born March 13th July / March 25th 1886 greg. In Korijärve , then rural community Sangaste , Livonia Governorate ; † January 16, 1942 in the Sevurallag prison camp near Soswa , Sverdlovsk Oblast , Soviet Union ) was an Estonian lawyer and politician.
Life, politics, law
Anton Palvadre was born one of ten children to a farmer. His education was strongly promoted by the Orthodox Church. First he attended the clerical school in Karula . Palvadre then completed the Spiritual Seminary (Рижская духовная семинария) in the Livonian capital of Riga in 1906 . In 1908 he was arrested by the tsarist authorities for revolutionary activities in Tartu and Riga.
In 1911 Palvadre completed his law studies at the University of Tartu, Livonia. He then worked as a lawyer in Valga and Tallinn until 1914 . In 1911/12 he was a member of the Valga City Council.
Palvadre took part in the First World War as an officer from 1914 . From 1915 to 1918 he spent three years in German captivity.
In 1918 Palvadre returned to Estonia, which in February proclaimed its detachment from Russia and state sovereignty. After a short time as an employee of the newly founded Court of Auditors, Palvadre became politically active in the young republic. From 1919 he was one of the leading figures of the Estonian Social Democratic Workers Party ( Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Tööliste Party ). She was the strongest force in the Constituent Assembly of the Republic of Estonia ( Asutav Kogu ). Palvadre belonged to the leading right wing of the party, which clearly rejected communist ideas.
From May to November 1919, Palvadre was Minister of Labor and Social Affairs in Prime Minister Otto Strandman's cabinet . He held the same office from November 1919 to July 1920 in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jaan Tõnisson . Palvadre then belonged from 1920 to the Estonian parliament ( Riigikogu ) in the first and second legislative periods and briefly in the third legislative period in 1926. He was for a long time chairman of the Social Democrats. He was also the editor-in-chief of the social democratic newspaper Sotsiaaldemokraat and a member of the editorial board of the newspaper Tulevik and the legal journal Õigus . From 1925 to 1939 was the lecturer in administrative law at the University of Tartu.
In 1923 Palvadre was elected as judge at the State Court of Justice ( Riigikohus ). He held the office until 1938. Palvadre was chairman of the administrative senate and from 1927 to 1938 deputy chairman of the state court.
When the new constitution came into force in 1938, in which Palvadre had actively participated in the Constituent Assembly ( Rahvuskogu ), President Konstantin Päts appointed him as the first legal chancellor (ombudsman) in Estonian history.
After the Soviet occupation of Estonia, Palvadre was arrested on June 14, 1941 and taken to the interior of the Soviet Union. He died in January 1942 in the Sevurallag "reform and labor camp" (Северо-Уральский исправительно-трудовой лагерь) in Sverdlovsk Oblast . On February 28, 1942, the Soviet authorities posthumously sentenced him to death.
Private life
Anton Palvadre was married to Gerta Palvadre. The couple had two daughters, Lea and Aime. Palvadre's wife and children were deported to the interior of the Soviet Union in 1941 . They lived in Kirov Oblast for fifteen years .
The best known of the five Anton Palvadres brothers was the communist politician Jakob Palvadre (1889–1936). He ran for the Bolsheviks in 1919 in the election to the Constituent Assembly of the Republic of Estonia ( Asutav Kogu ). In 1920 he went to the Soviet Union and remained a leading member of the Estonian Communist Party, which operated from exile . In 1928 he was politically marginalized. In 1936 he was accused of Trotskyism and espionage for the Republic of Estonia. Jakob Palvadre was executed in Leningrad in October 1936 .
literature
- Eesti elulood. Tallinn: Eesti entsüklopeediakirjastus 2000 (= Eesti Entsüklopeedia 14) ISBN 9985-70-064-3 , p. 356
Web links
- Entry in Eesti Entsüklopeedia (online version)
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Palvadre, Anton |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Estonian lawyer and politician, member of the Riigikogu |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 25, 1886 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Korijärve , then a rural community of Sangaste , Livonia Governorate |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 16, 1942 |
| Place of death | Sevurallag prison camp near Soswa , Sverdlovsk Oblast , Soviet Union |