Court of the Teutonic Order (Lübeck)

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Order cross
Memorial plaque to the courtyard at the neighboring house, the crane convent
Order cross of the Teutonic Order on the site of its Lübeck branch

The courtyard of the Teutonic Order was its establishment at the Hanseatic city of Lübeck in the Little Castle Street 20 of Lübeck .

prehistory

The Teutonic Order was founded during the Third Crusade by crusaders from Bremen and Lübeck during the siege of Acre (1189–1191). In 1226, one of the closest advisers to Emperor Friedrich II , the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Hermann von Salza, based on the Golden Bull of Rimini from March of that year, developed settlement plans for the Baltic States , which were subsequently carried out with cogs via the port of Lübeck . Between June 14 and 21, 1226, the Lübeck council messengers Johann von Bremen and Wilhelm Witte received the most important Lübeck constitutional document in the imperial castle in "Borgo San Donnino", today's Fidenza , with the Lübeck imperial freedom letter. Among the witnesses listed in the document is Hermann von Salza, who was very interested in Lübeck's imperial immediacy .

history

The branch of the Teutonic Order in Lübeck, which was directly subordinate to the Grand Master and was not a commandery , but was called domus or curia , was correspondingly large . The court of the Teutonic Order is mentioned several times in the Lübeck Upper Town Book, according to a note by the Lübeck historian Hermann Schröder already in the oldest no longer existing in 1268 as domus militum Christi and 1358 as curia cruciferorum fratrum domus Teutonicae . 1391 the location is also precisely specified: curia dominorum Theutonicorum in platea, qua itur a Coberch versus Predicatores . In the so-called oldest mayor's book , created in 1318, there is, although without the year, but according to the handwriting with certainty to be set in the year 1318, the comment: Notandum, quod curia militum sita apud Oldenvere prope conventum baeginarnm dare consuevit annuatim ad talliam quatuor solidos denariorum, quos domini consules decreverunt relaxandos et quitos dimittendos ad instantiam ordinis militum predictorum. In 1465 the complex was named Godesritterhus and Dat Dudesche Hus . Like the Bremen Order House , it belonged to the Livonian Order Master. In 1500, Grand Master Walter von Plettenberg left the use of the house to the Lübeck citizen Heinrich Cornelius and his heirs for a hundred years in return for the obligation to maintain it and to give mercenaries who wanted to move to Livonia free lodging in it until they had a chance to ship would find. In this context, the capacity is raised: ... if the Order a number of servants, 100 or 200, will move into the country, these shall, as far as the room goes, but without the landlord to displace, admission to the house found . With the decline of the Teutonic Order through the Reformation , the house became less important for the Teutonic Order. Towards the end of the period, the Lübeck council knew how to take possession of the house and kept it. The building of the Teutonic Order Husa is mentioned in the Upper Town Book of 1592, but at that time it was already owned by the city.

In 1600 city ​​governor Jochim von Brandenstein lived in the religious house. The Dukes Friedrich and Wilhelm of Livonia, Courland and Semigallus, as now secular legal successors of the Teutonic Order , demanded it back from him and sent a notary to take it over. The Lübeck council prevented the transfer of ownership. The dukes' threat of legal action was unsuccessful. The house remained the property of the city.

When the old St. Gertruden-Pocken- und Almhaus was demolished in 1622, the old monastery house was given to this foundation as a replacement by the council as property, which from now on was called the Pockenhaus, while the farm on which it was located was named Pockenhof . With the Pottgang or Pockenhofsgang, the property has a passage to Engelswisch as direct port access. In 1806 the main house collapsed and was not rebuilt. The name Pockenhof has survived to this day.

The Pockenhof was redeveloped by the Trave property company , the redevelopment agency of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, as part of the urban redevelopment of the entire block 96 of the Lübeck cityscape between Engelsgrube , Engelswisch , Große Altefähre and Kleiner Burgstraße with funds from urban development funding and is now part of the world cultural heritage of Lübeck Old Town .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See u. a .: LUB I / 5 (1877)
  2. ↑ Vol. II p. 1045 described
  3. ↑ Vol. II JW 999
  4. ↑ Bremisches Jahrbuch vol. 2 p. 217 ff
  5. ↑ See also: Marstall (Lübeck)
  6. ^ Real estate company "Trave" (ed.): Work report II / 88 - renovation and urban development funding in block 96.

Coordinates: 53 ° 52 ′ 21.2 "  N , 10 ° 41 ′ 16.3"  E