Apostasia nipponica
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Apostasia nipponica is a kind of the genus Apostasia and thus belongs to the family of orchid (Orchidaceae). The small herbaceous plants populate a disjoint area on the Ryūkyū Islands and in Vietnam .
description
Apostasia nipponica becomes five to ten, according to de Vogel up to 15 cm. The plants form a rhizome 1.5 mm in diameter, surrounded by dry, 3 to 3.5 mm long lower leaves. The roots arise not only along the rhizome, but also above ground in the area of the lower leaves. They measure 1 mm in diameter.
The leaves are oval to oblong, they end pointedly with a small, 0.2 to 0.5 mm long thread-like tip. The leaf base is clearly set off. The leaf blade contains ten to 15 longitudinal veins, three of which are clearly visible. The leaves measure 30 mm in length by 5.6 to 13.5 mm in width. Averyanov gives somewhat smaller dimensions for the leaves for Vietnam, 15 to 25 mm in length and 5 to 10 mm in width.
The inflorescence stands upright, it can be unbranched or have some side axes. On the Ryukyu Islands, blooming and fruiting specimens were found in July and August; in Vietnam, the bloom time is in April and May. There are three to seven flowers per partial inflorescence ; here, too, there is a small number of one to four flowers for the Vietnamese population. The flowers are yellow and measure 12 to 19 mm. The ovary becomes 7.5 to 11 mm long with a diameter of 1.1 to 1.8 mm. Sepals and petals hardly differ. The three outer petals are 4 to 5 mm long and 1.1 to 1.4 mm wide, the three inner ones are 4 to 5 mm long and 1 to 1.7 mm wide. There is no differentiation between the lateral inner petals and the central inner petal ( lip ). The column arises from the stamens that have grown together at the base and the stylus . It is straight and 0.9 to 1 mm long. There are two fertile stamens and a sterile staminodium . The staminodium lies close to the column, the tip is rounded. The free part of the stamens is 0.2 to 0.5 mm long, the anthers are 2.5 to 3.5 mm long and 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide. the free part of the style is 2.5 to 4 mm long and thus protrudes over the stamens by 0.5 to 0.7 mm. The stylus is provided with two longitudinal strips, at the end of which it bears the rounded to bilobed stigma . The resulting capsule fruit measures 6 to 16 mm in length and 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter.
Occurrence
Apostasia nipponica was first described from the Ryukyu Islands. The species occurs there on the islands of Tanegashima , Yakushima and Okinawa . It grows there at a height of about 700 m. In Vietnam, the locations are at altitudes of 300 to 1000 m in the provinces of Ha Tinh and Thua Thien-Hue . The plants grow in the shade of evergreen forests on soils with slate, sandstone or granite as the starting rock.
Systematics and botanical history
Apostasia nipponica was first described by Genkei Masamune in 1935 . In 1963 Masamune introduced the plants to Apostasia wallichii , once as a subspecies, Apostasia wallichii subsp. nipponica and in the same year as a variety, Apostasia wallichii var. nipponica . In his revision in 1969, De Vogel recognized Apostasia nipponica as an independent species. More recent studies of the DNA, on the other hand, see Apostasia wallichii as more closely related to Apostasia odorata than to the plants from Japan.
Within the genus Apostasia de Vogel arranged Apostasia nipponica in the Apostasia section ; In contrast to the Adactylus section, these plants have a staminodium.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Leonid Averyanov: The Orchids of Vietnam. Illustrated Survey . In: Turczaninowia . tape 11 , no. 1 , 2008, p. 51-52 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h EF de Vogel: Monograph of the Tribe Apostasieae (Orchidaceae) . In: Blumea . tape 17 , no. 2 , 1969, p. 338 .
- ^ Genkei Masamune: On the occurrence of Apostasia in Japan . In: Journal of Japanese Botany . tape 11 , 1935, pp. 46 ( edu.tw [PDF]).
- ↑ Tomohisa Yukawa, Yuki Ogura-Tsujita, Richard P. Shefferson, Jun Yokoyama: Mycorrhizal diversity in Apostasia (Orchidaceae) indicates the origin and evolution of orchid mycorrhiza . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 96 , no. 11 , 2009, p. 1997-2009 , doi : 10.3732 / ajb.0900101 .
- ↑ A. Kocyan, Y.-L. Qiu, PK Endress, E. Conti: A phylogenetic analysis of Apostasioideae (Orchidaceae) based on ITS, trnL-F and matK sequences . In: Plant systematics and Evolution . tape 247 , 2004, pp. 203-213 , doi : 10.1007 / s00606-004-0133-3 .