Aq Sunqur al-Bursuqi

Qasim ad-Daula Aq Sunqur al-Bursuqi (also Aq Sonqor Bursuqî , † November 26, 1126 in Mosul ) was a Turkish general and ruler of Mosul as a vassal of the Seljuks .

Life

Aq Sunqur was a freed military slave ( mamlūk ) of the emir Bursuq ibn Bursuq and had offered himself to the entourage of Sultan Muhammad I († 1118), whom he had represented since 1105 as his representative (shiḥna) at the court of the caliph in Baghdad . After the Emir of Mosul Sharraf ad-Din Maudud was murdered in October 1113 , Aq Sunqur was installed by the Sultan in the rule of the city and continued as Atabeg with the supervision of the younger sultan's son Masud . In addition he received ar-Rahba on the Euphrates as a hereditary fief (iqṭāʿ) . This also gave him the supreme command in the fight against the Franks ( jihād ) of the crusader states .

In May 1114 Aq Sunqur undertook a campaign against Edessa , the area around which he devastated and plundered. His entourage included the young Zengi († 1146). Afterwards Aq Sunqur was involved in a feud with the Ortoqids , of whom he was defeated in 1116 in a field battle. In January 1125, with the consent of the sultan, he was able to wrest control of Aleppo from the Ortoqids and persuade the rulers of Homs and Damascus to recognize his supreme command. However, he was defeated against the Franks on June 11, 1125 in the Battle of Azaz , whereupon he concluded an armistice with King Baldwin II . In the autumn of 1126, Aq Sunqur undertook another attack on the Franks, but broke it off without a fight after King Baldwin II opposed him with his entire army. After he installed his son Izz ad-Din Masud († 1127) as governor in Aleppo, he returned to Mosul, where he was stabbed to death by an assassin on the day of his return on November 26, 1126 in the great mosque . According to rumors, the attack was carried out on behalf of the ruler of Damascus, Tughtigin , who was considered the protector of the Syrian assassins and who wanted to shake off the suzerainty of Mosul in this way.

Izz ad-Din Masud intended to take over the inheritance of his father as promised by the Sultan in Mosul, but he died on the way there in ar-Rahba in July 1127. Sultan Mahmud II then entrusted the energetic subordinate of Aq Sunqur, Zengi , with the rule in Mosul, who was able to initiate the rise of his own dynasty ( Zengiden ) from there .

literature

• Steven Runciman , A History of the Crusades, German translation: Geschichte der Kreuzzüge, 4th edition 2003, pp. 436–437, 479–482.

swell

• “News from the rule of the Seljuks” (Akhbār al-dawla al-saljūqiyya) , ed. and translated into English by Clifford Edmund Bosworth , The History of the Seljuq State (2011), p. 72.
• Abū Yaʿlā ibn Asad ibn al-Qalānisī , “Continuation of the story of Damascus” (Ḏail taʾrīḫ Dimašq), ed. and translated into English by Hamilton AR Gibb , The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades (1932), p. 177.
• Abū l-Fidāʾ , “A Brief History of Mankind” (al-Mukhtaṣar fī akhbār al-bashar), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux , Vol. 1 (1872), pp. 12-16.
• ʿIzz ad-Dīn Abūʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Athīr , "The Perfect Chronicle" (Al-Kāmil fī ʾt-taʾrīḫ), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux, Vol. 1 (1872), pp. 292-294, 300, 310-312, 322-328, 341-348, 364-366.
• ʿIzz ad-Dīn Abūʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Athīr, "The Story of the Magnificent Rule of the Atabegs" (Taʾrīḫ al-bāhir fīʾl-dawla al-atābakiyya), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux, vol. 2.2 (1876) ), Pp. 44-59.
• Shams ad-Dīn Abūʾl-Muẓaffar Yūsuf ibn Qızoġly ibn ʿAlī Sibṭ ibn al-Ǧauzi , “Mirror of the times with regard to the history of eminent personalities” (Mirʾāt az-zamān fī taʾrīḫ al-aʿyān), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux, vol. 3 (1884), pp. 551-555.
• Kamāl ad-Dīn ʿUmar ibn Aḥamd ibn al-ʿAdīm , “The cream of milk from the story of Aleppo” (Zubdat al-ṭalab min taʾrīḫ Ḥalab), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux, Vol. 3 (1884), p. 647– 656.
• Kamāl ad-Dīn ʿUmar ibn Aḥamd ibn al-ʿAdīm, “Everything that is desirable about the history of Aleppo” (Buġyat al-ṭalab fī taʾrīḫ Ḥalab), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux, Vol. 3 (1884), pp. 716-727.