Araucaria biramulata
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Araucaria biramulata |
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| J.Buchholz |
Araucaria biramulata is a species of the genus Araucaria ( Araucaria ). It is endemic to the western part of the Grande Terre Island,part of New Caledonia .
description
Araucaria biramulata grows as a columnar, evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 30 meters. The gray bark peels off in thin strips. The branches branch out at the top. Annual branches are 0.8 to 1.3 inches thick.
On young specimens, the leaves are needle-like, curved inwards at the edges and have a sharply pointed upper end. On older specimens, the scale-like leaves are 7 to 9 millimeters long and 5 to 6 millimeters wide, keeled-ovoid with a curved upper end and a protruding central rib. You can find stomata openings on both the top and the bottom of the leaf .
The male cones are cylindrical in shape with a length of 6 to 7 centimeters and a diameter of 1.5 to 2 centimeters. They contain triangular microsporophylls with seven to eight pollen sacs. The female cones have a length of 9 to 10 centimeters and a diameter of 8 to 9 centimeters. The seed, which is triangular at a length of about 3 centimeters, has an egg-shaped wing.
Occurrence
The natural range of Araucaria biramulata is in the west of the island of Grande Terre, which belongs to New Caledonia . The majority of the population occurs in the southwest of the island, while two isolated populations are known from the northwest.
Araucaria biramulata thrives at altitudes between 190 and 1150 meters. The annual rainfall is between 1500 and 3000 mm, depending on the location. It mainly inhabits dense, moist, evergreen forests. It only grows on soils that develop on ultra-basic rock .
Systematics
Araucaria biramulata belongs to the section Eutacta within the genus of the Araucarias ( Araucaria ). It was first described as Araucaria biramulata in 1949 by John Theodore Buchholz in Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle , sér. 2, 21, p. 279.
Hazard and protection
Araucaria biramulata is listed as “endangered” on the IUCN Red List . The total population is estimated to be less than 10,000 fully grown trees, with none of the known populations consisting of more than 1,000 trees. Mine construction and the associated activities such as road construction and overburden storage are named as one of the main risk factors in the northern distribution area. Forest fires are particularly dangerous in the southern part of the distribution area, as they endanger regeneration.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Araucaria biramulata. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, accessed May 30, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Christopher J. Earle: Araucaria biramulata. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, accessed May 30, 2011 .
- ↑ a b c Araucaria biramulata in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Thomas, P., 2009. Accessed May 30, 2011th
- ↑ Araucaria biramulata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 30, 2011.
Web links
- Araucaria biramulata. In: ENDEMIA - flore et faune endémiques de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retrieved May 30, 2011 (French, brief description, images and distribution map).