Architecture in Schwäbisch Hall

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The seven castles, pen drawing from a Haller Chronik around 1600

The history of architecture in Schwäbisch Hall extends from the Middle Ages to the 21st century.

Numerous typical buildings from different epochs are still preserved or have been rebuilt. Schwäbisch Hall's architectural history begins with a large number of buildings in the Romanesque style from around 1200. After the city fire of 1728, Hall's town hall was built in the Baroque style. In the construction period from 1850 to 1900, the city shows further architecture with round arch style , classicism , historicism . The Württemberg guard house is one of the few examples of purely classicist buildings in old Schwäbisch Hall.

Romanesque (13th century)

Preserved examples of the Romanesque architecture in sacred buildings in Schwäbisch Hall are the Romanesque acoustic arcades of the church towers of the Michaelskirche , Katharinenkirche , Nikolauskirche and the Michaelskapelle as well as the Erhardskapelle . The style of the Jakobskirche was related to the Aegidienkirche . The Church of St. Johannes Baptist is considered to be the "mother church of Hall , a model for St. Catherine and St. Michael".

The "Seven Castles" date from around 1200. The seven medieval residential towers are described in Rudolf Moser's Oberamtsbeschreibung from 1847 :

“In the middle of the arch stood the main castle; this on the right in the so-called Schuppach the second, the so-called Veldner: Thurm , later Haspelsches Haus, in the Nonnenhof the third, the so-called Berlerthurm , which collapsed in 1718 ; further down, right and left, the fourth and fifth (the Majersche Haus near the Fischmarkt and the Sannwaldsche Haus near the new gate); to the right and left of the salt fountain the sixth and seventh castle, the so-called Keßler- and Sieder-Thurm , both burned down in 1728. The side of the place against the cooker was preserved by this. "

Another secular building from the 13th century was the house Neue Straße 22/24 , the stone work of which shows stylistic similarities to "the Romanesque sound arcades of St. Michael and St. Katharina" .

The rectangular stone house at Haalstrasse 5-7 has its origins around 1200, and its masonry is said to be comparable to that of the Keckenburg (1240).

The Sulmeisterhaus at Steinernen Steg 7 is essentially a Romanesque stone house that was built between 1200 and 1250.

" Romanesque bifories with diamond bosses" are located in the Büschlerhaus in the former hall of the Reichsschultheißenhaus on the north side of the Lower House .

The building at Haalstraße 6 is based on the masonry of a round, medieval residential tower from around 1200. The foundation walls probably represent the remains of a former aristocratic tower or staircase tower.

  • Romanesque components

  • St. Michael, tower

  • St. Michael, portal in the tower vestibule

  • St. Michael, capital of the central column in the tower vestibule

  • St. Catherine, details from the tower

  • St. Nicholas, towers

  • St. Nicholas, capitals

  • St. Michael, towers

  • St. Aegidius

  • Sulmeisterhaus . On the ground floor three bifories with Romanesque round arches.

Gothic (14th century)

Eugen Gradmann names various secular buildings in the Gothic style . So the high house from the 14th century ( "Gothic stone house" ), the Senftenhaus from 1492/1494 ( "Gothic house" ). Gothic architectural decoration also shows the Büchsenhaus built in 1505/1527 ( "late Gothic curtain arch" ) and the Büschlerhaus with the courtyard gate with a "high Gothic leaf mask"

Renaissance (16th century)

Eugen Gradmann calls houses No. 9 and 11 in the upper Herrengasse “patrician houses from the Renaissance period” . To the right of house no.11 is an arched courtyard entrance, on which an arbor rests. Its parapet shows stone slabs with “fittings pattern and scrollwork in the taste of the time around 1580.” The gate shows an inscription with the date 1578: Plures judices quam artifices . The. Building No. 7 in the lower Herrengasse shows a large hall with "wooden pillars in Baluster- and four edged form." In the Renaissance in 1844 lived Eduard Mörike The Widmanhaus (1550) shows, according to Eugen degree man's "mature German Renaissance" and has a lavishly decorated "Renaissance portal". Horst Clauß , Hans-Joachim König and Ursula Pfistermeister also call the Gräterhaus from 1605 a "Renaissance building"

Baroque (18th century)

The pilgrimage church to the 14 helpers in need was a sacred building in the Baroque style . Eberhard Friedrich Heim (1703–1739) built two important baroque buildings in Schwäbisch Hall. For example the baroque hospital church of the Holy Spirit and the baroque town hall (1735). Eugen Gradmann describes other secular buildings with baroque furnishings:

  • Baroque

  • Am Markt 9 , portal detail

  • Town hall , ceiling painting in the "Heldensaal"

  • Altar and pulpit of the Hospital Church of the Holy Spirit in a photo from 1907.

  • Comburg, St. Anne's Altar.

  • Pilgrimage church to the 14 helpers in need.

  • Untere Herrngasse 8, "Baroque Portal"

  • Coat of arms of the Sanwald family on the portal to Oberen Herrngasse.

  • Untere Herrngasse 12

  • The alliance coat of arms of the town councilor Ludwig Franz Bonhöfer (1746–1802), right, and his wife Maria Magdalene geb. Hartmann (1750–1821), left, at the portal to Oberen Herrngasse

Classicism (19th century)

Schwäbisch Hall. Old brine bath on a Schützen target from 1829 (StadtA SHA FS 01912).

Eugen Gradmann names various buildings in the "classicism of the 19th century" style :

Architecture from the 1st half of the 20th century

Examples of architecture from 1900 to 1945 are the Villa Peregrina (1903), Villa Hagenmeyer (1903/04), the former trade school (1912) and the main building of the Sparkasse (1937/1941).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Horst Clauß , Hans-Joachim König and Ursula Pfistermeister : Art and Archeology in the Schwäbisch Hall , Theiss, Stuttgart and Aalen district 1979
  2. ↑ from [1] list of owners: "1722: Thym, Johann Andreas sells the" Siebenburg Thurm "(Keckenturm) belonging to the property on February 13th, 1722 to" Herr Geheimen Sanwaldt "(4/881, p. 340)"
  3. ↑ Rudolph Moser: Description of the Oberamt Hall , 1847, p. 144f
  4. ↑ http://www.bauforschung-bw.de/objekt/id/151314069162/wohnhaus-in-74523-schwaebisch-hall/
  5. ↑ Directory of buildings, Haalstrasse 5-7 Pictures: Page 7 of 14
  6. ↑ http://www.bauforschung-bw.de/objekt/id/201219359397/wohnhaus-in-74523-schwaebisch-hall
  7. ↑ (StadtA Schwäb. Hall: List of cultural monuments Stadt Schwäb. Hall, p. 381)
  8. ↑ Quote: “Former Sulmeisterburg. Romanesque stone house with remains of a house chapel ” . from: www.bauforschung-bw.de
  9. ↑ http://www.schwaebischhall.de/buergerstadt/geschichte/haeuserlexikon/gebaeudeververzeichnis.html?Detail=235
  10. ↑ StadtA Schwäb. Hall: List of cultural monuments in the city of Schwäb. Hall, p. 206.
  11. ↑ Quotation: “The masonry findings MK1 and MK2 are to be classified as the enclosure of an aristocratic court in the time when the Hohenstaufen town was founded. The findings in cellar 2 could in their origin represent the foundation stump of a former aristocratic tower or a stair tower ”. from http://www.bauforschung-bw.de/objekt/id/371211419212/wohnhaus-in-74523-schwaebisch-hall/
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Eugen Gradmann : The art and antiquity monuments of the city and the Oberamt Schwäbisch-Hall . Paul Neff Verlag, Esslingen a. N. 1907, OCLC 31518382 ( archive.org ).
  13. ↑ [2] Pictures on page 3 of 8