Round arch style

Heinrich Hübsch: Main building of the Polytechnic in Karlsruhe , 1833–35

The round arch style is an architectural style of historicism that dominated the style discussion in Germany in the middle of the 19th century. He took elements of Byzantine , Romanesque and Renaissance architecture and combined them with style-neutral motifs. It is not possible to clearly distinguish between the Neo- Romanesque and Neo-Renaissance .

description

Based on early Christian models, the arched style is differentiated from classicism , which had dominated the early 19th century with its recourse to the formal language of antiquity. The Rundbogenstil managed with its simple and strictly ordered facade architecture, the first contemporary answer to the question of an appropriate style of his time, the middle of the 19th century by political and social upheavals against the backdrop of burgeoning German national movement and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution was made . Compared to the column arrangements of classicism, the arching technique enabled more flexible and more rational constructions. The arched style is an early example of historicism, which defined styles as the expression of a specific building task.

Representative

An influential exponent and theoretical pioneer of the round arch style was among others the Karlsruhe architect Heinrich Hübsch , who created the conceptual basis for the round arch style with his book "In what style shall we build?" In Munich, Leo von Klenze and Friedrich von Gärtner represented the round arch style , in northern Germany the Hanover Architecture School founded by Conrad Wilhelm Hase (other representatives were Ludwig Droste and Edwin Oppler ), in Prussia it was the Schinkel School . In Kassel, Julius Eugen Ruhl in particular followed the style with his train station buildings. The arched style also had a decisive influence on the North American architecture of the mid-19th century, particularly in New York.

Examples

• Königsbau and All Saints Court Church of the Munich Residence , 1826–35, Leo von Klenze
• Ludwigskirche Munich, 1829–44, Friedrich von Gärtner
• Unterbarmer main church in Wuppertal , 1828–1832, Heinrich Hübsch
• Bayerische Staatsbibliothek , Munich, 1832–43, Friedrich von Gärtner
• Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , main building, 1840, Friedrich von Gärtner
• Main building of the University of Karlsruhe (then Polytechnic School), 1833–1835, Heinrich Hübsch , 1861–64 extended by Friedrich Theodor Fischer
• Kunsthalle Karlsruhe , 1836–46, Heinrich Hübsch
• Heilandskirche Potsdam, 1841–44, Ludwig Persius
• Friedenskirche Potsdam, 1845–54, Ludwig Persius , Friedrich August Stüler
• St. Marcus Church Wettmar, 1855
• District insane asylum for Lower Bavaria Deggendorf, 1866, Leonhardt Schmidtner, Anton Völkl
• St. Dionysius (Oos) by Heinrich Hübsch (1864)
• Red City Hall in Berlin, 1865–1871, Hermann Friedrich Waesemann
• Stortinget , the Norwegian Parliament in Oslo by Emil Victor Langlet 1866.
• Johanneskirche (Düsseldorf) , 1875–81
• Friedenskirche Starnberg am See , 1891–92, district construction technician Härtinger
• Many station buildings of the "first generation" (until approx. 1870), but often replaced by later buildings, e.g. B .:
  • Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof , 1841–44 (partially preserved)
  • Karlsruhe main station , old building, 1844–46, Friedrich Eisenlohr (not preserved)
  • Hamburger Bahnhof (Berlin) , 1846–47, Friedrich Neuhaus , Ferdinand Wilhelm Holz (preserved)
  • Munich Centralbahnhof , 1847–49, Friedrich Bürklein (not preserved)
  • Völklingen old station, Saarland (preserved)
  • Tübingen main station , 1861–62 (preserved)
• Numerous synagogues in German-speaking countries were also built in this style in the 19th century.

See also

• Neo-romance

Web links

Commons : Arch style architecture  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Entry round arch style in: Gerhard Strauss & Harald Olbrich: Lexikon der Kunst. Architecture, fine arts, applied arts, industrial design, art theory. Seemann, Leipzig 1994, Volume 6, p. 293 ff.
2. ^ Kathleen Curran: The German Rundbogenstil and Reflections on the American Round-Arched Style . In: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 47, 1988, pp. 351-373
3. ↑ Franz Ast, 'Anstaltsberichte - Die Kreisirrenanstalt für Niederbayern', General Journal for Psychiatry and Mental-Forensic Medicine, Vol. 27 (Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1871), 346–347, online: < http://books.google. at / books? id = m3y2nPcpVNwC & printsec = frontcover & hl = de & source = gbs_ge_summary_r & cad = 0 # v = onepage & q & f = false >
4. ^ Johanneskirche Düsseldorf, history
5. ↑ "Railway stations in Saarland, style development"
6. ↑ tuepedia