Betting mar

Betting mar City of Burgwedel
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 41 ″  N , 9 ° 55 ′ 16 ″  E
Height :	51 m above sea level NHN
Area :	47.51 km²
Residents :	3682  (Jan. 1, 2007)
Population density :	77 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	March 1, 1974
Postal code :	30938
Area code :	05139
Location of Wettmar in Lower Saxony
St. Marcus Church in Wettmar

Wettmar is a district of the city of Burgwedel in the Hanover region of Lower Saxony .

history

Early history

Numerous archaeological finds from the Wettmar district indicate the periodic settlement of groups of hunters, gatherers and fishermen after the last ice age. The finds are stone tools from the Paleolithic (12,000–8,000 BC) and the Mesolithic (8,000–4500 BC).

From the Neolithic Age (4500–2000 BC) stone tools, which can be assigned to the agricultural culture, were found on the terminal moraine edges. These are hammers, stone axes, stone hatchets and flint daggers. Finds from the bronze age and the former Iron Age (2000-500 v. Chr.) From the barrows behind the "Schelp" Maschkop, the Ehrenberg at Thönse and the Lahberg indicate village-like settlements. During excavations, urns of various types and bronze grave goods were found.

middle Ages

Already around 1000 there was a village in the area of ​​today's Altdorf. Emergency excavations from 1991 in the area of ​​the "Obstgarten" construction area brought to light the remains of a pit house as a weaving house for a homestead as well as weaving weights , ceramics and burnt stones.

An entry in the list of goods of the Hildesheim Dompropstei from 1277 is the oldest written documentation of the village "Wettmar", at that time still called "Wetemer".

The naming is understandable through the location of the place: Wettmar is surrounded on three sides by elevations, to which the naming could have referred.

A first church near the current location (Magnuskirche) was built at the beginning of the 14th century after the three villages of Wettmar, Thönse and Engensen had bought themselves out on 25 November 1307 from the Burgdorf parish, which had been responsible up until then. The church was destroyed during the Thirty Years War .

In 1350 the plague broke out in what is now Lower Saxony . Numerous residents in Wettmar also fell victim to the epidemic.

The relocation of numerous Kötners in Wettmar on the "broad Trift" resulted in new sections of the settlement. The original village was laid out in a semicircular shape, with a wide intersection with the grazing areas.

Modern times

Driveway to the Wellmühle

From 1523 or 1534, the exact year is unknown, Gerd Polde was the first Reformed preacher in Wettmar's service.

The first written mention of the location of the windmill on today's Nordberg took place in 1585. At about the same time in 1586, the Wellmühle was mentioned as a rural water mill. It was owned by two Wettmarer Höfe. Since the mill was powered by a mill pond, which was fed by various inlets, the damming of the water was necessary for a few days in order to be able to operate the mill. The water wheel of the Wellmühle represents the lower part of the Wettmar coat of arms.

The Thirty-Year War

Wettmar suffered particularly from the billeting of Danish troops during the Thirty Years' War . In 1624 the Wettmar church and the parish widow's house were destroyed. Construction began in 1689 and the church was consecrated in 1694.

In the wake of the war, the Wettmarer Wellmühle and the Engenser Wulbekmühle were completely "ruined". The Wellmühle became the property of the Wettmar community. The community found no one who would have seen themselves able to fix the mill. From these two destroyed mills the stately Wellmühle was created. After it was built from 1668 to 1901, the mill was used to grind the malt that was needed for the Burgwedeler brewery.

The Wettmarer Damm existed from time immemorial to open up the grazing areas in the Wietzenbruch . It was widened around 1660. At the same time, a new dam was built to connect Kleinburgwedel to Wettmarer Damm in the Krümme area. The dam acquired the importance of an army route , which resulted in the right of use for the entire bailiwick. The diverse use led to disputes between the localities about the maintenance of the path. The dispute ended around 1779 with the completion of the new military route from Hanover to Celle ( Bundesstrasse 3 ). As a result, the Wettmarer Damm lost its regional importance.

School in Wettmar

In 1668 the first school clerk (teacher) was installed in the parish of Wettmar. For a long time, regular lessons only took place in winter, as the children had to help out on the farm for the rest of the year. In 1712 a school building with a 60 m² classroom was built in Wettmar. It was located on the site of today's parish garden (main street). The Wettmar teacher Grave took over a school class at the age of 16. The class size in Wettmar in 1699 was 100 students.

In 1860 a new school building was built at Hauptstrasse 21. The inscription reads: "Here the tender youth learn piety, wisdom and virtue."

The Wellmühle

In 1752 the Wellmühle was used as the official and residence of the Wettmar foresters . The local farmers resisted the proposal to build a new forest building on the Schelpberg. From 1763 Wettmar had the first " walking forester ".

Local fires in Wettmar

In 1787 Wettmar was hit by two fire disasters. 13 of 51 farms fell victim to the fires. The fires were favored by the thatched houses. The new buildings then had to have a safety margin. As there was a shortage of oak trunks, fir wood was used for the reconstruction. The rulers provided the victims with grain for self-sufficiency.

A second serious fire broke out on June 24, 1850 and affected 51 buildings within two hours. This time the church burned down too - and with it 25 of the 50 houses and courtyards. The St. Marcus Church was rebuilt according to plans by the Hanoverian architect Conrad Wilhelm Hase and inaugurated in 1855.

On July 4, 1850 another barn caught fire, this time 59 buildings, mostly standing close together, burned down in the “im Klündern” district, 25 residential buildings and 34 farm buildings were destroyed. 34 families were left homeless. In 1851 almost all the buildings were rebuilt. Due to the fires at the time, there are hardly any half-timbered houses in Wettmar that are more than 220 years old.

The agrarian reform

In 1802, the first comprehensive ordinance on the division of common areas was issued on the territory of the former Principality of Lüneburg . With the general division of the Wietzenbruch, a fundamental change in the previous economic system began for the farmers in Wettmar and the surrounding area. Instead of the previous cooperative use of the Wietzenbruch, pasture areas were assigned to the individual villages. The assessment basis for the division was the livestock of the individual localities. In addition to the division of the pasture areas, authorizations for manorial forests and moors, etc. a. “Great Moor”, replaced by the allocation of areas. This process was completed in 1850.

Within the localities, the land was redistributed to the individual farmers from 1827 to 1853 according to the same scheme. The new ownership structure was measured and recorded in the land registry . In addition, communal paths and trenches were created. This procedure was known as the "coupling process" ( land consolidation ), began in 1857 and was completed in 1883.

The imperial era

Trade in the imperial era

In 1878 W. Pedeke opened a match factory in Wettmar. This was located on the corner of Luisenstrasse and Schelpberg and produced around 50 million matches per year. In 1882 this factory burned down.

There was also a brick factory in Wettmar which opened in 1870 and produced bricks until 1902. The remains are still visible today on the left-hand side (coming from Wettmar in the direction of Engensen). The cuts in the terrain above the brickworks and in the mill field (on Celler Weg) are due to the clay mining for the brickworks. After the closure, the property was used as a Wieckenberg fruit plantation and mushroom cultivation until 1940.

From 1872 H. Bartels operated a steam saw mill in the "Alter Holzhof" area. In addition, there were the following craft businesses around 1899: bakers, roofers, three restaurateurs, five traders (Höker), butcher, two blacksmiths, two tailors, five shoemakers, two wheelwright and four carpenters.

Milling flourished as a result of intensive land use. From 1880 to 1926, next to the post mill on the northeastern edge of Wettmar, the Schulzenmühle was operated on the Horst.

From 1883 oil was mined in Wietze. This boom also reached Wettmar. In 1898 the Wettmaraner concluded a potash drilling contract. The drilling attempts on the "old dam" were unsuccessful.

The volunteer fire department

The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1888. 36 founding members were present for the foundation. In 1890, the Burgdorf district administrator recognized the Wettmar volunteer fire brigade as a so-called protection brigade. In 1891, the Wettmar fire brigade bought a hand-held pressure sprayer. Since the new pumps conveyed a lot of water, the extinguishing water ponds that had existed up until then turned out to be too small. For this reason, three tube wells were built in Wettmar in case of emergency, as well as two large water basins. On the basis of a decree issued by the Prussian Minister of the Interior on December 28, 1898, the Upper President of the Province of Hanover , Se. Exc. Konstantin Graf zu Stolberg-Wernigerode, Major à la suite in the army, on September 27, 1901, the “Police Ordinance, Regarding the Regulation of Fire Extinguishing”, which contained provisions for the establishment of “community fire brigades” (compulsory fire brigades). In § 1 it says: "In every urban and rural community and in every manor district, as far as there is not a sufficient professional fire brigade in them, or they do not belong to a syringe association (Article 139 of the Jurisdiction Act), as well as for every syringe association To set up fire brigade ... "

Club life in Wettmar during the time of the emperor

Club life at that time mostly arose from the shooting clubs and the music clubs. In 1902 the shooting club "Gut Ziel" was founded in Wettmar. In 1906, the rifle clubs from Wettmar, Kleinburgwedel and Thönse merged to form a federation that regularly organized comparative shooting . The first of these activities took place in 1907.

The Wettmar men's choir "Germania" was founded in 1883 with 50 members. It is considered to be the oldest club of Wettmars. Since 1900 he was a member of the " Hannovera " singing association.

The First World War

On the evening of August 1, 1914 , a special edition of the Burgdorfer Kreisblatt announced the mobilization . August 2, 1914 was mentioned as the first mobilization Sunday. Many Wettmaraner, who feared being drafted immediately, attended church services the evening before. The registry offices reacted immediately: the obligation to public was lifted. The number of volunteers in the villages, including Wettmar, was limited. The reason for this can be found in the work on the farms. As more and more men were drafted, the school holidays were extended so that they could help on the farms. A "German Evangelical Women's Association" was founded in Wettmar. This association carried out collections and produced everyday items for the soldiers at the front.

Since there was a shortage of male workers, Belgian, Russian and French prisoners of war were used in Wettmar for harvesting, but also for building railways. These up to 100 prisoners were housed in the Blume restaurant.

The first war wounded came back to Wettmar in autumn 1914. 23 Wettmaraner fell victim to the First World War .

The Weimar Republic

During the turbulent transition period, nightly community watch services were introduced in Wettmar. A four-person commission organized the guards. After a corresponding election, a six-member peasant council began its service as a counterweight to the city workers' councils.

In 1920 Wettmar received electricity. 136 courtyards were electrified in 1922.

The inflation period also made itself felt in Wettmar. In 1923 a protest took place in the Wettmar elementary school. The Wettmarer restaurants closed their doors because it was no longer worth reselling the goods.

In June 1928 Fritz von Opel tested his rocket car on the Hasenbahn , which reached a speed of 254 km / h on the first test drive. More than 20,000 visitors lined the route. The consequences of the global economic crisis became clear in the election results of 1932: The NSDAP received 60.7 percent of the vote in Wettmar.

Club life during the Weimar period: The gymnastics and sports club, founded in 1912 by the teacher Johannes Schrader, resumed its activities and organized a gymnastics show in 1929 - probably on the occasion of the new school sports field. Another association, the Christian Scouting Association Germany , settled in Wettmar in 1928. The Kötnerhof No. 40 (today's location Schmiedestrasse 12) Schmiedstrasse 40 was acquired. After many voluntary work, the courtyard was inaugurated in 1931 as a scout court in the presence of Bishop Marahrens and the boy scout leader Friedrich Duensing. After various changes of use and ownership, the house was demolished in 1938 and is now used as a bar on Annateich in Hermann-Löns-Park in Hannover-Kirchrode.

The time of National Socialism

After the election victory and the seizure of power by the NSDAP , an "NSDAP base" was founded in Wettmar. This hosted various political events. On March 21, 1933, a major political event for the " seizure of power " by the NSDAP took place in Wettmar .

All the clubs took part in a torchlight parade that ended on the north mountain. In 1933 the first SA units marched through Wettmar. In 1933 the National Socialist Women's Association and the Hitler Youth (HJ) also took action in Wettmar. May 1st became an official holiday. In 1933, a "Hitler oak" was planted in all localities as a meeting place for the village community.

In 1933, teacher Johannes Schrader designed an 80 × 35 m swimming pond with the Wettmar students on the main dam. This bathing establishment was used until 1964. Schrader's aim was to teach as many as possible to swim. The premises of the Wettmar Boy Scout Home fell to the Hitler Youth after the associations were brought into line. The main house was demolished, in the barn HJ and z. T. the local council. Until 1938 the farm served as accommodation for a girls' labor camp . These girls had to help with the harvest.

The second World War

In Wettmar (at the Schützenhaus), as well as in Thönse (between Thönse and the grove of Raden), a spotlight position was set up. The conscription of the defensive men aggravated the situation during the harvest. In 1939 43 men were drafted. As in the First World War, forced laborers were used.

Church service could only be maintained temporarily. MGV Germania had to stop singing. Allied bombs were dropped on Wettmar for the first time on August 15, 1941, without causing any major damage. In order to divert enemy bomber formations from places that were important to the war effort, a dummy airfield was built on the school grounds in Thönse - to the displeasure of the people of Wettmar.

A few bunkers were built in Wettmar to protect the population. On the night of October 18-19, 1943, English units dropped incendiary and high-explosive bombs on Wettmar. In Wettmar, seven buildings in five courtyards were hit by a phosphorus bomb, as was the Bormann restaurant. Four buildings were unusable after this attack. In 1944, a few makeshift homes for bombed-out families were built in Wettmar. At the end of the war, many columns of concentration camp prisoners led past Wettmar. The Wettmarer railway line was a main connection line to the Neuengamme and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps . On April 10, 1945 Wettmar was occupied by Allied units. Wettmar had 91 dead and missing among World War II victims, including 40 locals and 51 relatives of displaced persons.

post war period

A political military police was deployed in Thönse. This had the task of searching all neighboring towns, including Wettmar, for war criminals and party functionaries. H. Brandes remained the mayor of Wettmar until November 23, 1945. On that day he was replaced by Heinrich Werth. On the part of the former prisoners of war and civilian prisoners, there were attacks on the population and looting.

In 1947 more than 500 displaced persons and around 250 immigrants were counted in Wettmar . The number of locals was around 800.

In 1946 three teachers taught 236 children, 129 of them refugee children. These children were taught in two classrooms. In the years 1952/53, a two-wing school building with four classes and two group rooms was built on what is now Schulstrasse. An important figure was the teacher and later rector Hans Krummel (1920–2005), who celebrated his 40th anniversary in 1980 with his fourth grade as a class teacher. He also worked as an organist in the parish.

In 1959, the “Wellmühle” forestry department was dissolved and relocated to Großburgwedel as a forest warden.

In 1961 the outdoor pool in Großburgwedel was opened. The Wettmarer bathing establishment was closed because the necessary sanitary facilities and the employment of a lifeguard could not be financed.

In 1972/73 the appearance of the town changed considerably. The “Schusterkuhle” extinguishing water pond was filled in and the village community center (DGH) was built at this point.

On March 1, 1974, Wettmar was incorporated into the new municipality of Burgwedel. The hose tower was demolished and a playground was built with the active help of the village population. The village square (formerly the fairground) has also been redesigned.

On May 8, 1978, the eve of the confirmations, a fire devastated parts of the bell tower of St. Mark's Church, which was later restored. The historic Engelhardt organ was saved despite the fire water damage. In 2006 it was completely restored based on the historical “Engelhard model”.

On August 26, 2003, the city of Burgwedel was granted city rights by the Lower Saxony Minister of the Interior . Wettmar has been part of the city of Burgwedel since then .

politics

Local council

The local council of Wettmar consists of a councilwoman and six councilors from the following parties:

• CDU : 3 seats
• SPD : 2 seats
• Greens : 1 seat
• The Independents : 1 seat

(Status: local election September 11, 2016)

Local mayor

The local mayor is Erwin Fette (Greens). His deputy is Michael Kranz (CDU).

coat of arms

The design of the municipal coat of arms of Wettmar comes from the heraldist and coat of arms painter Gustav Völker , who created all coats of arms in the Hanover region. The approval of the coat of arms was granted on October 22, 1957 by the Lower Saxony Minister of the Interior .

Blazon : " Divided by green and silver , above a growing , golden lion , below the lower half of a black mill wheel ."

Justification of the coat of arms: The lion symbolizes the former jurisdiction of the free, which the municipality Wettmar exercised together with eight other surrounding municipalities. We already find the same lion in the coats of arms of the municipalities of Otze and Thönse . The half millwheel indicates the Wellmühle, which was formerly owned by the municipality, and the field names formed with "Well-" such as: "In der Welle", "Im Wellbroke", "Auf der Wellwisch" and "Auf dem Wellmoor".

Culture and sights

Buildings

Post mill

The Wettmar post mill is one of the oldest in the former Burgwedel office. The local history association for the parish of Engensen, Thönse and Wettmar presented the first plans to restore the mill in 2009. The search for a suitable location turned out to be difficult. The previous location is no longer suitable for a functioning mill due to the development. In April 2010 the mill was dismantled. A carpentry from the Altmark took over the restoration. The laying of the foundation stone was celebrated at the location on the Horst in October. Existing material was used for the restoration, and experts say the load-bearing parts of the mill are in very good condition. The construction lasted until March 2011. Mechanics and equipment were z. T. used from other disused mills. In April 2011, the mill wings were reattached. These have been reconstructed by the carpentry. The mill will have two louvre blades and two canvas blades. In addition to two grinding stages and sieving devices, the mill has been returned to its original operating condition. The mill was presented to the public in May 2011 and has been able to produce flour on mill days since spring 2013.

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  Post mill at the old location

• 

  Mill after implementation

• 

  Detail of the mill

• 

  Detail of the restored mill

St. Marcus Church (cemetery side) in Wettmar

St. Marcus Church

The predecessor of the church in Wettmar burned down in 1850 and was replaced in 1855 by the building of the St. Marcus Church by the architect Conrad Wilhelm Hase , which still exists today .

Architectural monuments

→ See: List of architectural monuments in Wettmar

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

Since there is no commercial area designated by the city of Burgwedel in Wettmar, most of the local businesses are retailers. There are currently two discounters in Wettmar: In addition to the Penny market , which is part of the REWE subsidiary , there was also a NP in the village until November 2014, which belonged to Edeka Minden-Hannover. On November 20, 2014, the full-range retailer Edeka Wettmar was opened, which also belongs to that company and is now the second consumer market in town, since the NP was closed.

education

In addition to the primary school, there is also a day-care center in the village where children are looked after by crèche groups and kindergarten groups through to after-school care groups. As a special feature, there is an integrative group for kindergarten age, in which four children with special needs are cared for together with other children.

The Wettmar youth room operated by Jugendpflege Burgwedel is integrated into the primary school building complex. It has been set up as a meeting place for young people and is looked after by a pedagogical employee.

traffic

Wettmar is served by the RegioBus Hannover bus lines within the local transport network of the Hannover region . The place is located within the tariff area of ​​the Greater Hannover GVH traffic . (As of December 2015)

literature

• Rudolf Behre: "From the history of the church and the early history of the village of Wettmar". In: Yearbook for the Burgdorf district. 1960, p. 38 ff.
• Peter Bardehle: The inheritance register of the Burgwedel Vogtei from 1669 . Burgwedel 1986.
• Kurt Griemsmann: Picture chronicle - Alt-Burgwedel - Großburgwedel - Kleinburgwedel - Thönse - Wettmar - Engensen - Fuhrberg - Oldhorst in words and pictures . Ed .: Municipality of Burgwedel. Self-published, 1974.
• Christian Heppner: Burgwedel - The history of the seven villages . Ed .: Municipality of Burgwedel, Hannover 1999.

Web links

Commons : Wettmar  - collection of images

• Wettmar.de
• Website of the city of Burgwedel

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Figures, data, facts. In: Website of the city of Burgwedel. January 1, 2007, accessed May 24, 2019 .  
2. ^ Manfred von Bötticher: Free counties in central Lower Saxony . Hrsg .: Historischer Verein für Niedersachsen (=  sources and representations on the history of Lower Saxony . Volume 108 ). Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-5872-8 , p. 14 .
3. ↑ Uwe Ohainski, Jürgen Udolph: The place names of the district of Hanover and the city of Hanover . Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 1998, p. 479–481 ( digitized version [PDF; 2,3 MB ; accessed on May 23, 2019] p. 511; see. also Wettbergen , p. 509).
4. ↑ Kurt Griemsmann: Picture Chronicle - Alt-Burgwedel - Großburgwedel - Kleinburgwedel - Thönse - Wettmar - Engensen - Fuhrberg - Oldhorst in words and pictures . Self-published, 1974.
5. ↑ The disease was brought in from the Orient. In the patriotic archive of the Historical Association for Lower Saxony it says in 1837 (p. 76): "... so-called 'black deaths' who came to Germany in 1348 and 1353" ".
   Cf. From the Black Death (1349–1351) to the first half of the 18th century. In: Cord Meckseper (ed.): Landesausstellung Niedersachsen 1985, Stadt im Wandel 4. 1985, pp. 251 ff.
   Neithard Bulst: The black death. In: Saeculum 30. Bielefeld 1979, pp. 45-67.
   Erich Keyser: The plague in Lower Saxony. In: Richard Drögereit , Stader Geschichts- u. Heimatverein (Hrsg.): Experienced, narrated, researched - Festgabe for Hans Wohltmann on the completion of the 80th year of life on December 8, 1964. Self-published, Stade 1964.
6. ↑ Matthias Blazek : The Poststrasse from Celle to Hanover or: The dream of what was once romanticism - until 1785, the main traffic route led over some hundred meter wide streets of the first order . In: Sachsenspiegel, Cellesche Zeitung . No.  3 and 4, 2006 (January 21 and 28 issues).
7. ^ Matthias Blazek: The fire extinguishing system in the area of ​​the former Principality of Lüneburg from the beginning until 1900 . Self-published, Adelheidsdorf 2006, ISBN 3-00-019837-7 , p. 153 .
8. ^ ^{A b} Matthias Blazek: The extinguishing system in the area of ​​the former Principality of Lüneburg from the beginnings to 1900 . Self-published, Adelheidsdorf 2006, ISBN 3-00-019837-7 , p. 204 .
9. ^ Official Journal for the Hanover administrative district . S.  202 .
10. ^ Matthias Blazek: The record attempts of 1928 - The rocket-powered rail car on the Langenhagen – Celle railway line . In: Heimatbund Niedersachsen (Hrsg.): Heimatland . 2008.
11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p.  221 .
12. ↑ ^{a b} The local council of Wettmar. In: Website of the city of Burgwedel - citizen information system. Retrieved July 28, 2017 .  
13. ^ ^{A b} Landkreis Hannover (ed.): Wappenbuch Landkreis Hannover . Self-published, Hanover 1985, p. 120-121 .
14. ↑ Wettmar post mill. In: Internet site Heimatverein for the parish Engensen Thönse Wettmar e. V. Retrieved May 24, 2019 .  
15. ↑ Business parks. In: Website of the city of Burgwedel. Retrieved May 24, 2019 .  
16. ^ Online Penny Market Register. In: www.penny.de. Retrieved May 23, 2019 .  
17. ↑ Birgit Schröder: A good day for Wettmar - the Edeka store has opened. In: website market mirror. November 21, 2014, accessed May 24, 2019 .  
18. ↑ Wettmar municipal day-care center. In: www.kita-wettmar.burgwedel.de. Retrieved May 24, 2019 .  
19. ↑ Burgwedel youth care. In: www.jugendpflege-burgwedel.de. Retrieved May 24, 2019 .