Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie

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The Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie were a specialist journal for pharmacology that appeared in 331 volumes from 1895 to 1996. It was the second oldest long-lived pharmacological journal, after the Archives of Experimental Pathology and Pharmacology , started in 1873, and before the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , started in 1899, both of which exist to this day (2013). It was brought into being by the French physiologist and endocrinologist Marcel Eugène Émile Gley (1857–1930) and the Belgian pharmacologist Jean-François Heymans .

At the beginning of the first volume, Heymans explained the goal (from the French):

“In view of the increasing flood of new drugs pouring into the materia medica - la matière médicale - it seems to us that they need to be examined much more extensively if one wants to prevent the good from submerging in the bad. Whether some inorganic or organic substances - from the chemist's flask or from living beings - are really capable of healing, or whether people have always indulged themselves in illusions and the therapeutic nihilists are right: The experiment will accelerate the answer to this question and the physiology of how Pathology provide new facts. The boom in medical science in our century has primarily promoted anatomy , physiology, pathology and bacteriology , while neglecting therapy, thus forgetting its origin and goal. The sciences, even the most abstract, are too purposeful; that needs to change. The experiment must make the therapy more scientific. The pharmacodynamics - la pharmacodynamie - deserves for its own sake and its at least indirectly pursued humanitarian goal sake own publication organ. We are trying to do that with these archives . "

Volumes 1 to 5 appeared as Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie , volume 6 was the first to have the final name. An editorial in volume 331 (1996) marked the farewell (from English):

“Dear reader, this is the last edition of the actual Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie . From January 1997 the Archives merged with Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology , the journal of the French Pharmacological Society. Pharmacology is constantly growing and sub-disciplines are evolving, almost each with its own journal. ... Because the Archives had concentrated on mechanisms of action, it seemed appropriate to us to unite with a more general journal. "

editor

From volume 40 (1931), Gley and Jean-François Heymans, the latter's son, the Belgian pharmacologist Corneille Jean François (Corneel) Heymans , and the French physiologist and pharmacologist Marc Tiffeneau (1873-1945) took the place of Gley and Jean-François Heymans as main editors. With volume 142, 1963, the Belgian pharmacologists André de Schaepdryver (1926–2011) and Georges René de Vleeschhouwer (1910–1984) were added. Numerous advisory editors worked with the main editors. De Schaepdryver remained editor-in-chief until the last volume.

Volume 38 (1930) was designed as a commemorative publication for Gley and Jean-François Heymans on the occasion of the thirty-fifth year of birth . “The Archives , directed by E. Gley and JF Heymans, will be 35 years old. ... They were the second journal devoted exclusively to pharmacology, are still one of the most important and are available from all libraries worldwide. ... Heymans! Gley! Receive this gift from your Belgian, French and other colleagues. ”The Festschrift contains articles in French, English, German and Italian. It is preceded by lists of publications by Gley (524 positions) and Heymans (104 positions).

The numerous biographical articles in the archives include obituaries for the main editors:

  • to Gley in Volume 39 (1930);
  • for Jean-François Heymans in volume 44 (1932/33), with another list of publications;
  • for Tiffenau in volume 71 (1945);
  • for Corneille Heymans in volume 174 (1968). In Volume 63 (1939), Tiffeneau had congratulated Heymans on Heymans' 1938 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . A supplement to volume 202 (1973) contains another biography, another list of publications, a list of Heymans' collaborators, memories of one hundred and seven colleagues, a description of his research on baro- and chemoreceptors, and the first Heymans Memorial Lecture. held by Ulf von Euler .

Mirroring the general story

Publications from 1895 to 1950 based on the original volumes.

Like the history of the Archives for Experimental Pathology and Pharmacology , today Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives , the history of the Archives internationales reflects the development of the subject as well as the general history.

This is already clear from the annual article numbers. Up to 1945 they can only be found in the original volumes, from volume 70 (1945) also in the Web of Science , which, however, contains errors. For volumes 147–152 (1964), 325 publications are given, all supposedly in English. De facto there are 39 French, 30 German and 5 Italian articles. Most noticeable are the break-ins during the two world wars (picture). While usually at least one volume appeared per year, there was only one volume from 1914 to 1920 (volume 24) for seven years, and 1944 remained without volume. The highest number of publications was achieved in 1964 and 1967 with 325 articles each (Web of Science).

General history includes the development of language. In Volume 4 (1898), for the first time, French and German-language articles appeared. The "internationality" of the name has long been realized in the language. According to the author's notes in Volume 202, 1973, the volume with the Corneille Heymans Supplement, manuscripts could be written in English, French, German, Italian or Russian. According to Volume 222 (1976), they could still be English, French or German. In volumes 223 and 224 (1976), however, it was stated: “The manuscripts should be written in English. French or German texts can be accepted in exceptional cases. ”From Volume 225 (1977):“ The manuscripts should be written in English. ”It remained with the target rule, while the Anglicating at Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology as early as 1973 became one Must have led. In fact, the Archives internationales were also in English in their final years.

Closer inspection reveals more reflections. After the First World War, German-language publications did not come from the German Reich for a long time , but from Switzerland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Latvia, Yugoslavia, Poland and Austria. It was not until 1933 that the German-language publications - alongside those from the Netherlands and the Soviet Union - one from Berlin, and in 1934 - along with those from Switzerland, the Soviet Union, the Netherlands, Poland, France and Turkey - one from Düsseldorf. Publications from the former German Reich returned much faster after the Second World War.

  • Title page volume 1.

  • Title page volume 61.

  • Title page volume 63.

Even personal fates become recognizable. While the advisory editors Otto Loewi , Ernst Peter Pick and Emil Starkenstein (1884–1942) were named in Volume 61 (1939) with their home universities of Graz, Vienna and Prague, the place names in Volume 63 (1939) are London, New York and Amsterdam where the three had fled from National Socialism . In Volume 67 (1942), Starkenstein's last two works appeared - on the alkaloids of cinchona trees - "From the laboratory of the 'NV Amsterdamer Chininfabrik'". In the same year, after being interned in Westerbork transit camp in 1941, Starkenstein was murdered in Mauthausen concentration camp . Four years later, in volume 73 (1946), other scientists from the now so-called “Amsterdamsche Bandoengsche en Nederlandsche Kininefabriek” tied in with him. In a footnote they write: “This work was carried out from 1941 to 1945 when research outside of the countries occupied by Germany was inaccessible to us. ... In the introduction we give a detailed overview of Starkenstein's work. Professor Starkenstein was deported by the Germans. He died in a concentration camp. "

Individual evidence

  1. ^ JF Heymans: E. Gley 1857-1930. In: Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 39, 1930, p. 45.
  2. ↑ M. Tiffeneau: Notice nécrologique sur le prof. JF Heymans. In: Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 44, 1932/33, pp. 1-30.
  3. ↑ C. Heymans: Marc Tiffeneau (1873-1945). In: Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 71, 1945, pp. 202-203.
  4. ↑ AF De Schaepdryer, GR De Vleeschhouwer: In memory Professor C. Heymans 1892-1968. In: Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 174, 1968, pp. 251-276.
  5. ↑ Eric Neil: An appraisal of the work of Corneille Heymans on baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes. In: Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 202, 1973, Supplement, pp. 283-293.
  6. ^ US by Euler: Some aspects of the actions of prostaglandins. In: Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 202, 1973, Supplement, pp. 295-307.
  7. ↑ a b Klaus Starke: A history of Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. In: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 358, 1998, pp. 1-109. PMID 9721010 . doi: 10.1007 / PL00005229
  8. ↑ Jutta Hermann: cinchona. A historical trip around the world. , in: Pharmazeutische Zeitung online 18, 2001, accessed February 20, 2013.
  9. ↑ E. Starkenstein, MA Zagt: Pharmacological analysis of Chinaalkaloids. III. Communication: The effect of the china alkaloids on the intestine. In: Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie 67, 1942, pp. 74–125.
  10. ↑ E. Starkenstein, MA Zagt: Pharmacological analysis of Chinaalkaloids. IV. Communication: The effect of the china alkaloids on the esophagus-stomach preparation of the frog. In: Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 67, 1942, pp. 136-172.
  11. ↑ K.öffelholz, U. Trendelenburg : Persecuted German-speaking pharmacologists 1933-1945. 2nd Edition. Frechen, Dr. Schrör Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-9806004-8-4 , p. 133.
  12. ↑ A. Th. Knoppers, C. Th. Nieuwenhuijse: Combinations of Cinchona alkaloids and bird-malaria: summation or synergism? In: Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 73, 1946, pp. 260-286.