Ariocarpus retusus

Ariocarpus retusus
	Ariocarpus retusus; in flower
Systematics
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Cactus family (Cactaceae)
Subfamily :	Cactoideae
Tribe :	Cacteae
Genre :	Ariocarpus
Type :	Ariocarpus retusus
Scientific name
	Ariocarpus retusus
	Scheidw.

Ariocarpus retusus in bud

Ariocarpus retusus is a species of plant in the genus Ariocarpus from the cactus family(Cactaceae). The specific epithet retusus comes from Latin , means 'blunted' and refers to the shape of the warts. Spanish common names are "Chaute", "Chautle", and "Peyote Cimarrón". The Huichol refer to it as "Tsuwíri".

description

Ariocarpus retusus grows with flattened, spherical, gray-green, blue-green or yellow-green shoots and reaches heights of 3 to 25 centimeters with a diameter of 4 to 30 centimeters. The spreading, upright warts protrude from the soil surface. They are crowded at the base, are somewhat pointed or have a sharp tip. The top of the warts is rounded or flat. The warts are 1.5 to 4 inches long and 1 to 3.5 inches wide. They can be as long as they are wide or twice as long. Areoles are occasionally present at the tips of the warts .

The flowers are cream to light yellow or white, sometimes with a red central stripe, or pinkish red. They have a diameter of 3 to 5 centimeters. The elongated fruits are 1 to 2.5 inches long.

The chromosome number is . ${\ displaystyle 2n = 22}$

Systematics, distribution and endangerment

Ariocarpus retusus widespread in Mexico . The distribution area extends from the states of Coahuila and Nuevo León southwards along both sides of the Sierra Madre Occidental to San Luis Potosí .

It was first described in 1838 by Michael Joseph François Scheidweiler . A nomenclatory synonym is Anhalonium retusum (Scheidw.) Salm-Dyck (1850). The following subspecies are distinguished:

Ariocarpus retusus subsp. retusus
Ariocarpus retusus subsp. trigonus (FACWeber) EFAnderson & WAFitz Maur

Ariocarpus retusus is in the endangered Red List species the IUCN as " Least Concern (LC) ", d. H. classified as not endangered in nature.

ingredients

The Flavonol Retusin.

In Ariocarpus retusus were hordenine , N-methyltyramine , N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine and N-methyl-4-methoxy-β-phenethylamine , and the flavonol Retusin detected.

use

The locals use the slime from the roots of the plants as glue to repair pottery . As a medicinal plant, it is used to treat fever . Ariocarpus retusus is said to have intoxicating properties similar to Ariocarpus fissuratus . With the Huichol it has the reputation of being a bad peyotl cactus and driving people crazy.

proof

literature

Edward F. Anderson : The Great Cactus Lexicon . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , p. 74 .

Individual evidence

↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3 , p. 202.
^ Edward F. Anderson: A Revision of Ariocarpus (Cactaceae). I. The Status of the Proposed Genus Roseocactus . In: American Journal of Botany . Volume 47, number. 7, 1960, pp. 582-589 ( JSTOR: 2439437 ).
^ MJ Scheidweiler: Descriptio diagnostica nonnullarum Cactearum quae a domino Galeotti in provinciis Potosi et Guanaxato regni Mexicani inveniuntur . In: Bulletin de l'Academie Royal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique Bruxelles . Volume 5, 1838, p. 492 ( online ).
↑ Ariocarpus retusus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by Fitz Maurice, WA & Fitz Maurice, B., 2002. Retrieved on 5 October 2011th
^ DL Braga, JL McLaughlin: Cactus alkaloids. V. Isolation of Hordenine and N-Methyltyramine from Ariocarpus retusus . In: Planta Medica . Volume 17, Number 1, 1969, pp. 87-94 ( doi : 10.1055 / s-0028-1099832 ).
^ JM Neal, JL McLaughlin: Cactus alkaloids. IX. Isolation of N-Methyl-3,4-Dimethoxy-β-Phenethylamine and N-Methyl-4-Methoxy-β-Phenethylamine from Ariocarpus retusus . In: Lloydia , Volume 33, 1970, pp. 395-396.
↑ WW Speir, V. Mihranian, JL McLaughlin: Cactus alkaloid. VII. Isolation of Hordenine and N-Methyl-3,4-Dimethoxy-β-Phenethylamine from Ariocarpus trigonus . In: Lloydia . Volume 33, 1970, pp. 15-18.
↑ Xorge A. Domínguez, Rafael H. Ramírez, Olga Lock Ugaz, Jesús García D., Roger Ketcham: Chemical study of the cactus Ariocarpus retusus . In Planta Medica . Volume 16, Number 2, 1968, pp. 182-183 ( doi : 10.1055 / s-0028-1099897 ).
^ Jeff Nugent: Permaculture Plants, agaves and cacti . 1999, ISBN 0958636702 , p. 38.

Web links

Commons : Ariocarpus retusus - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3 , p. 202.

[2] Edward F. Anderson: A Revision of Ariocarpus (Cactaceae). I. The Status of the Proposed Genus Roseocactus . In: American Journal of Botany . Volume 47, number. 7, 1960, pp. 582-589 ( JSTOR: 2439437 ).

[3] MJ Scheidweiler: Descriptio diagnostica nonnullarum Cactearum quae a domino Galeotti in provinciis Potosi et Guanaxato regni Mexicani inveniuntur . In: Bulletin de l'Academie Royal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique Bruxelles . Volume 5, 1838, p. 492 ( online ).

[4] Ariocarpus retusus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by Fitz Maurice, WA & Fitz Maurice, B., 2002. Retrieved on 5 October 2011th

[5] DL Braga, JL McLaughlin: Cactus alkaloids. V. Isolation of Hordenine and N-Methyltyramine from Ariocarpus retusus . In: Planta Medica . Volume 17, Number 1, 1969, pp. 87-94 ( doi : 10.1055 / s-0028-1099832 ).

[6] JM Neal, JL McLaughlin: Cactus alkaloids. IX. Isolation of N-Methyl-3,4-Dimethoxy-β-Phenethylamine and N-Methyl-4-Methoxy-β-Phenethylamine from Ariocarpus retusus . In: Lloydia , Volume 33, 1970, pp. 395-396.

[7] WW Speir, V. Mihranian, JL McLaughlin: Cactus alkaloid. VII. Isolation of Hordenine and N-Methyl-3,4-Dimethoxy-β-Phenethylamine from Ariocarpus trigonus . In: Lloydia . Volume 33, 1970, pp. 15-18.

[8] Xorge A. Domínguez, Rafael H. Ramírez, Olga Lock Ugaz, Jesús García D., Roger Ketcham: Chemical study of the cactus Ariocarpus retusus . In Planta Medica . Volume 16, Number 2, 1968, pp. 182-183 ( doi : 10.1055 / s-0028-1099897 ).

[9] Jeff Nugent: Permaculture Plants, agaves and cacti . 1999, ISBN 0958636702 , p. 38.