Crook (plant)
| Crook | ||||||||||||
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Blooming crooks in Crete |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Arisarum vulgare | ||||||||||||
| Targ.Tozz. |
The crook ( Arisarum vulgare ), more Common crook called, is a plant type from the family of the arum family (Araceae). The German vulgar name of the plant refers to the visual similarity to the episcopal insignia, the crook .
description
The crook is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 30 centimeters. This species forms tubers as persistence organs. Only basal, long-stalked leaves are formed, with egg-shaped, arrow-shaped, about 15 centimeters long and up to 12 centimeters wide leaf blades .
The flower shaft, which is often speckled purple-violet, is about as long as the petioles. The single bract ( spathe ) is fused to a brown-violet or olive-green striped tube and is about 5 centimeters long. The upper part is open and curved forward in the shape of a helmet or hood. The greenish flower bulb (spadix) is also curved forward and protrudes from the tube. The crook is single-sexed ( monoecious ). The approximately 20 male flowers are above the four to six female flowers , with sterile flowers being completely absent. Pollination is carried out by insects. Flowering time is from October to May. The berries are green.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56.
Occurrence
The distribution area includes the entire Mediterranean area, from southern Europe and North Africa to Transcaucasia, plus the Azores , Canaries and Madeira . This species thrives mainly on fallow land , garigues , but also on cultivated land such as olive trees and in forests. Shady locations are preferred.
Systematics
To the species Arisarum vulgare Targ.Tozz. (Syn .: Arisarum incurvatum Holmboe ) there are several subspecies:
- Arisarum vulgare subsp. clusii (Schott) K. Richt. : It occurs in the Canaries and North Africa.
- Arisarum vulgare subsp. hastatum (Pomel) Dobignard : It occurs only in Algeria and Morocco.
- Arisarum vulgare subsp. vulgare (Syn .: Arisarum vulgare subsp. veslingii (Schott) K. Richt . ): It comes from Madeira, the Azores, Spain, the Balearic Islands, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy, the former Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Sicily, Crete, the Aegean Sea, Cyprus, Turkey, the Caucasus, the Sinai Peninsula, the Syria and Lebanon area and the Jordan and Israel area.
The subspecies is found in southern Spain, the Balearic Islands, Portugal, Algeria and Morocco
- Arisarum vulgare subsp. simorrhinum (Durieu) Maire & Weiller separated. But it is also regarded as a separate species ( Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu ). The flower shaft of this subspecies or species is much shorter than the petioles. The bract and flower head are erect. The latter is thickened at the top so that the opening of the bract is more or less closed.
In addition, there are only the following species in the genus Arisarum :
- Arisarum proboscideum (L.) Savi : It occurs in central and southern Italy and in southwestern Spain.
use
The roots were eaten. All parts of the plant that are to be eaten must be boiled beforehand because of the high proportion of oxalate crystals .
swell
literature
- Dankwart Seidel: Flowers on the Mediterranean. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Tropicos. [1]
- ↑ http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?GENUS_XREF=Arisarum&SPECIES_XREF=vulgare Entry in the Flora Europaea database.
- ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Arisarum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- ↑ Peter Schönfelder, Ingrid Schönfelder: What blooms on the Mediterranean? 750 species (= Kosmos nature guide ). 4th edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10211-4 .
- ↑ Entry in Plants for a Future. (English)
