Aristotle Albertus Magnus manuscript
The Aristoteles-Albertus-Magnus-Manuscript ( Eisenbibliothek ( Schlatt TG ) Mss 20) is an illustrated composite manuscript on parchment , which was produced in Italy in the last third of the 13th century . It contains works by Aristotle , pseudo-Aristotelian writings, including commentaries by Michael Scotus and Averroes, and three works by Albertus Magnus . The book decoration is rich and of high quality, the illuminations show "iconographically original solutions".
Origin and history
A brother Guifredus is noted as scribe . In the late 15th century, Prosper Babbus left an ownership notice . The iron library founded in December 1948 on the initiative of Ernst Müller-Reiffer and as a foundation of Georg Fischer AG acquired this collective manuscript in bookshops in 1949.
content
The three parts of the composite manuscript contain pseudo-Aristotelian writings in the first part, including the five-part Secretum secretorum ( German secret of secrets , Arabic Kitāb as siyāsah fī tadbīri-r-riʿāsati 'l-maʿruf bi-Sirri-l-ʿasrār , or Sirr al -asrar ), which was translated into Latin by Philippus Clericus Tripolitanus after 1234. There are also four works by Aristotle.
The second part includes De mineralibus , De natura loci and De anima by Albertus Magnus. The third part contains three comments. After a commentary by the scholastic philosopher Michael Scotus on the work of John de Sacrobosco of the Celestial Spheres, there follows an anonymous commentary on Boethius' introduction to the theory of numbers (De institutione arithmetica ) . Then the Andalusian “commentator” Averroes (Ibn Ruschd) comments on the work De longitudine et brevitate vitae by Aristotle, who was considered “the philosopher” of the Middle Ages. De inundatione Nili by Aristotle is the last work in the codex.
- Part 1
(In brackets the Bekker count for works by Aristotle.)
- Pseudo-Aristotle: Secretum secretorum Philippo Tripolitano interprete, liber 1–4
- Pseudo-Aristotle: De planetis (memorandum to the signs of the zodiac)
- Pseudo-Aristotle: Liber de pomo
- Pseudo-Aristotle: Secretum secretorum (liber 5)
- Aristotle: De coloribus (791a)
- Aristotle: De motu animalium (698a)
- Pseudo-Aristotle: Physiognomia
- Aristotle: De bona fortuna
- Aristotle: De lineis indivisibilibus (968b)
- Part 2
- Albertus Magnus: De mineralibus
- Albertus Magnus: De natura loci
- Albertus Magnus: De anima
- part 3
- Michael Scotus: Commentum in Johannis de Sacrobosco de sphaera
- Anonymous: Rationes super arithmeticam Boethii
- Averroes: Commentarius in Aristotelis de longitudine et brevitate vitae
- Aristotle: De inundatione Nili
description
The composite manuscript comprises 100 sheets with the dimensions 23.5 cm × 17.5 centimeters. Writing material is parchment. The script is a textual from the second half of the 13th century. At least four scribes' hands , two rubricators and at least two illuminators can be distinguished. No statement can be made about the workshop (s). A monastic scriptorium cannot be inferred from the participation of the “Frater” . However, the artistic completion took place in an Italian workshop, in which professionally trained specialists worked.
The pages are set up in two columns with a writing space of 17-17.5 × 12-12.5 centimeters. The lines were not made uniformly in the first part. This was initially described with 35-55 lines. The first sheets of paper have no visible lines, later they were lined with blind or pen, from sheet 25r 48 lines were regularly lined with ink. The older parts two and three are uniformly lined with pen and 44 and 49 lines respectively. They were each written down by one hand.
The manuscripts are bound in a dark brown leather binding from the 15th century.
Book decorations
The first part of the manuscript is much richer than the following older parts. It has 16 initials on 32 sheets , for which 7 to 14 lines have been left out in the text. The design is partly based on traditional models. Other initials have been redesigned. The two illuminators had precise knowledge of the text or were instructed in it. The first sheet begins with the prologue and shows a dedication miniature . A bishop is enthroned on it in full regalia, he can be recognized by his miter and pallium . The kneeling Philippus Tripolitanus, recognizable as a clergyman by his tonsure , presents the bishop with his translation in the form of an opened scroll . Next to it is Alexander the Great, who commissioned Aristotle. Some of the following miniatures show Aristotle, for example, as a teacher, as an astrologer or as a plant researcher.
is rich and of high quality, the illuminations show "iconographically original solutions".
- Examples
Image 1 (sheet 15 above ) has a blue initial and red fleuronné . A hand sketched in red serves as a reference mark. It marks the fact that the prologue to the following Liber de pomo was only added after this book. - The other rubricator indicates with one foot that the fourth book of the Secretum secretorum is not immediately followed by the fifth book. The initial on a gold background at the beginning of the Liber de pomo shows Aristotle on his deathbed with his students. The reclining Aristotle holds a red apple in his hand, this keeps the dying man strong with its fragrance. In the "Book of the Apple", Aristotle speaks to his students about the high value of philosophy. The three students stand behind the bed and enter into a dialogue with their teacher. The philosopher lies under a blue blanket with white trimmings . The blue Lombards are two lines high,
Further manuscripts from the iron library
- Disegni, e spiegazione della Fonderia principio, e termine della Campana di S. Pietro ( Giuseppe Valadier's book on bell casting ; Iron Library, Mss 13)
literature
- Rudolf Gamper, Susan Marti: The Aristoteles-Albertus-Magnus manuscript of the iron library (13th century) . In: The medieval manuscripts of the Schaffhausen City Library of the Schaffhausen State Archives and the Iron Library, Klostergut Paradies. Schaffhausen City Library, Dietikon-Zurich 1998. pp. 42–50, 61–62.
- Rudolf Gamper, Susan Marti: Catalog of the medieval manuscripts of the Schaffhausen City Library . Zurich 1998. pp. 42–50, 61–62, 155–158.
- Federica Volpera: Il ms. 20 dell'Eisenbibliothek di Schlatt: una nuova acquisizione per la produione libraria nella Genova di tardo Duecento . In: Rivista di storia della miniatura . Volume 22 (2018). Pp. 38-52.
Web links
- e-codices : Schlatt, Eisenbibliothek, Mss 20 (description of the collective manuscript).
- Signature and digitization at e-codices
Individual evidence
- ↑ A translation that combines parts of the 'Ethica ad Eudemum' or 'Magna moralia'. Compare ALCUIN: De bona fortuna .
- ↑ A Latin translation, the Greek original has not survived. Cf. ALCUIN: Liber de inundatione Nili .