Aromobatinae
| Aromobatinae | ||||||||||||
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Mannophryne trinitatis |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Aromobatinae | ||||||||||||
| Grant et al., 2006 |
The Aromobatinae are a subfamily of frogs from the Aromobatidae family . They include two genera and 38 species (as of November 18, 2018), the range of which is in northern South America .
features
The Aromobatinae are characterized exclusively by molecular genetic characteristics. Synapomorphies and diagnostic features are present at individual positions of different, especially mitochondrial, DNA sequences .
Geographical distribution
The distribution area of the Aromobatinae extends from Colombia and Venezuela to Trinidad and Tobago . Aromobates occurs on the north coast of Venezuela and on the east side of the Andes from Venezuela to Colombia. Mannophryne is represented on the Venezuelan north coast to the Paria peninsula as well as with M. trinitatis on Trinidad and M. olmonae on Tobago .
Way of life
With the exception of the aquatic and nocturnal species Aromobates nocturnus , the representatives of the Aromobatinae are diurnal and terrestrial . The habitat is the tropical rainforest . The tadpoles grow on the ground in standing or flowing water. They are transported on their backs by adult males.
Hazard and protection
The entire subfamily Aromobatinae is endangered. In the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN currently lists 28 of the 38 species, the inventory data which are insufficient in four ways. The remaining species are classified from Near Threatened (potentially endangered, warning list) to Critically Endangered (threatened with extinction). Three types of Aromobates and four types of Mannophryne are critically endangered.
Systematics and taxonomy
The subfamily Aromobatinae was re-established together with the family Aromobatidae . It represents the sister group of the Allobatinae within the Aromobatidae , so it is phylogenetically more closely related to them than to the subfamily Anomaloglossinae . There are 38 species in two genera:
- The genus Aromobates
Myers , Paolillo-O. & Daly , 1991 includes 18 species (as of November 18, 2018)
- Aromobates alboguttatus ( Boulenger , 1903)
- Aromobates cannatellai Barrio-Amorós & Santos , 2012
- Aromobates capurinensis ( Péfaur , 1993)
- Aromobates duranti ( Péfaur , 1985)
- Aromobates ericksonae Barrio-Amorós & Santos , 2012
- Aromobates haydeeae ( Rivero , 1978)
- Aromobates leopardalis ( Rivero , 1978)
- Aromobates mayorgai ( Rivero , 1980)
- Aromobates meridensis ( Dole & Durant , 1972)
- Aromobates molinarii ( La Marca , 1985)
- Aromobates nocturnus Myers , Paolillo-O. & Daly , 1991
- Aromobates ornatissimus Barrio-Amorós , Rivero & Santos , 2011
- Aromobates orostoma ( Rivero , 1978)
- Aromobates saltuensis ( Rivero , 1980)
- Aromobates serranus ( Péfaur , 1985)
- Aromobates tokuko Rojas-Runjaic , Infante-Rivero & Barrio-Amorós , 2011
- Aromobates walterarpi La Marca & Otero-López , 2012
- Aromobates zippeli Barrio-Amorós & Santos , 2012
- The genus Mannophryne La Marca , 1992 includes 20 species (as of November 18, 2018)
- Mannophryne caquetio Mijares-Urrutia & Arends-R. , 1999
- Mannophryne collaris ( Boulenger , 1912)
- Mannophryne cordilleriana La Marca , 1994
- Mannophryne herminae ( Boettger , 1893)
- Mannophryne lamarcai Mijares-Urrutia & Arends-R. , 1999
- Mannophryne larandina ( Yústiz , 1991)
- Mannophryne leonardoi Manzanilla , La Marca , Jowers , Sánchez & García-París , 2007
- Mannophryne molinai Rojas-Runjaic , Matta-Pereira & La Marca , 2018
- Mannophryne neblina ( test , 1956)
- Mannophryne oblitterata ( Rivero , 1984)
- Mannophryne olmonae ( Hardy , 1983)
- Mannophryne orellana Barrio-Amorós , Santos & Molina , 2010
- Mannophryne riveroi ( Donoso-Barros , 1965)
- Mannophryne speeri La Marca , 2009
- Mannophryne trinitatis ( Garman , 1888)
- Mannophryne trujillensis Vargas Galarce & La Marca , 2007
- Mannophryne urticans Barrio-Amorós , Santos & Molina , 2010
- Mannophryne venezuelensis Manzanilla , Jowers , La Marca & García-París , 2007
- Mannophryne vulcano Barrio-Amorós , Santos & Molina , 2010
- Mannophryne yustizi ( La Marca , 1989)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d T. Grant, DR Frost, JP Caldwell, R. Gagliardo, CFB Haddad, PJR Kok, DB Means, BP Noonan, WE Schargel & WC Wheeler (2006): Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 299, 262 pp. PDF online
- ↑ Aromobatidae . David Knight. 2009. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ^ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
- ↑ Aromobatinae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006 . Darrel Frost and The American Museum of Natural History. 1998-2015. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
Web links
- Yellow-throated frog ( Mannophryne trinitatis ) . ARKive - Images of Life on Earth.
- Amphibiaweb: List of species of the family Dendrobatidae
- Aromobates in the IUCN 2018Red List of Endangered Species.
- Mannophryne in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species2018.