Rock catchfly

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Rock catchfly
Rock catchfly (Atocion rupestre)

Rock catchfly ( Atocion rupestre )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Caryophylloideae
Tribe : Sileneae
Genre : Atocion
Type : Rock catchfly
Scientific name
Atocion rupestre
( L. ) Oxelman

The rock catchfly ( Atocion rupestre , Syn .: Silene rupestris L. ) is a species of the genus Atocion within the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).

description

Habit and flowers
inflorescence

Vegetative characteristics

The rock catchwort is a persistent , but only short-lived herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 25 centimeters. Their stem , often branched at the base, is bald or lightly hairy, but not sticky.

The leaves are arranged opposite one another. The simple leaf blades are oblong-lanceolate; the lower ends are blunt, the upper ends pointed and are blue-green.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period is between July and August. The inflorescence is a loose, mostly floriferous dichasium with long-stalked flowers .

The hermaphrodite flowers are fivefold. The calyx is ten-nerved, top-shaped and 4 to 7 millimeters long. The egg-shaped calyx teeth are almost half as long as the calyx tube. The five white or pink petals are 6 to 9 millimeters long; the plate is upside-down heart-shaped with a deep border. There are three styluses.

The capsule fruit enclosed in the calyx is elongated-egg-shaped with a length of 5 to 6 millimeters. The hairless carpophor is a quarter as long as the capsule fruit. The seeds have a grainy, rough surface. A medium-sized plant bears around 40 capsule fruits with 30 kidney-shaped seeds each.

Rock catchfly is diploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 24.

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the rock catchfly is limited to Europe. Molecular phylogenetic studies do not confirm a close relationship with North American species. It occurs in Scandinavia and in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe. In Scandinavia it is widespread in Norway (north to 70 ° N), Sweden, Finland and in the adjacent north-western European part of Russia. It is also found in southern Germany (Black Forest and Allgäu), in the Alpine countries of Austria, Switzerland and Slovenia, in northern Italy (except in the Alps and in the northern Apennines), in France (except in the Alps and Pyrenees, also in the Massif Central and in the Vosges) , in Corsica, in northern (Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains) and in southeastern (Sierra Nevada) Spain, in southeastern former Yugoslavia and in north-central Romania (in the Rodna Mountains in the Eastern Carpathians). The location in the Czech Republic is uncertain, the finds in Sardinia and West Siberia are based on errors.

In the Alps, the rock catcher usually thrives at altitudes of 800 to 2900 meters and prefers the silicate areas . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to altitudes of 1250 meters (at Bärgündele in Bavaria) up to 2300 meters elsewhere.

On nutrient-poor, lime-poor, but base-rich soils , the rock catchfly grows in light-open silicate rock crevices, on rock gravel , on cracks in the earth , on paths, on human-influenced defects . She is a Kennart order Sedo Scleranthetalia. In the Black Forest it is a character species of the Sileno-Sedetum, in the Alps of the Sclerantho-Sempervivetum. But it also occurs in plant communities of the Androsacion vandellii association.

Taxonomy

It was first published under the name ( Basionym ) Silene rupestris in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm, page 421.

Based on molecular phylogenetic studies, the rock catcher was identified in 2001 together with four other species as Atocion rupestre (L.) Oxelman in the genus Atocion Adans. separated from the genus Silene . (Since 2013 the genus Atocion contains six species.) Further synonyms for Atocion rupestre (L.) Oxelman are: Cucubalus saxatilis Lam. nom. illeg., Oncerum rupestre (L.) Dulac , Silene alpestris Willd. ex Nyman nom. inval. non Jacq. , Silene kaulfussii Spreng.

literature

  • Arthur Oliver Chater, Stuart Max Walters, John Robert Akeroyd: Silene L. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 209–210 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Hans-Christian Friedrich: Silene rupestris . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd, completely revised edition. Volume III. Part 2: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 1 (Phytolaccaceae - Portulacaceae) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1979, ISBN 3-489-60020-7 , pp. 1115–1118 (published in deliveries 1959–1979).
  • Božo Frajman, Mikael Thollesson, Bengt Oxelman : Taxonomic revision of Atocion and Viscaria (Sileneae, Caryophyllaceae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 173, 2013, p. 203. DOI: 10.1111 / boj.12090 online.

Web links

Commons : Rock catcher ( Atocion rupestre )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Božo Frajman, Mikael Thollesson, Bengt Oxelman: Taxonomic revision of Atocion and Viscaria (Sileneae, Caryophyllaceae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 173, Issue 2, 2013, p. 203. DOI: 10.1111 / boj.12090 online.
  2. ↑ Otti Wilmanns, S. Rupp: Silene rupestris, the rock catchfly, as a glacial relic in the Black Forest. In: Communications from the Baden Regional Association for Natural History and Nature Conservation, New Series. Volume 9, 1966, pp. 381-389, Freiburg i. Br.
  3. ↑ a b c Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 7. Caryophyllaceae (Silenoideae). Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1986, ISBN 951-9108-06-8 , pp. 84-85. Silene rupestris on pp. 84–85 in the Google book search
  4. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  362-363 .
  5. ↑ a b Bengt Oxelman, Magnus Lidén, RK Rabeler, Magnus Popp: A revised generic classification of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae). In: Nordic Journal of Botany. Volume 20, No. 6, 2000 (publ. 2001), pp. 743-748 DOI: 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2000.tb00760.x ( PDF file ).
  6. ^ S. Talavera: Silene. In: Santiago Castroviejo, Manuel Laínz, G. López González, P. Montserrat, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Jorge Paiva, L. Villar (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, . II: Platanaceae-Plumbaginaceae (partim) . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1990, ISBN 84-00-07034-8 , p. 381-382 .
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 477.
  8. ↑ Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 421, digitized http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D421%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  9. ↑ Silene rupestris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  10. ↑ Magnus Lidén, Magnus Popp, Bengt Oxelman : A revised generic classification of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae). In: Nordic Journal of Botany. Volume 20, No. 5, 2000 (publ. 2001), pp. 513-518 (accidentally published draft version with valid nomenclature changes; recombination on p. 517), DOI: 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2000.tb01595.x