Arraba

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Arraba
Arrabah.jpg
Panoramic view of Arraba
Administration : Palastina autonomous areasPalestine Palestinian Territories
Governorate : Jenin
Coordinates : 32 ° 24 '  N , 35 ° 12'  E Coordinates: 32 ° 24 '16 "  N , 35 ° 12' 12"  E
Height : 350 m
 
Residents : 9,920 (2007)
 
Community type: city
Arraba (Palestinian Territories)
Arraba
Arraba

Arraba ( Arabic عرّابة, DMG ʿArrāba ), also Arrabah , Arrabeh or Arrabet Jenin , is a Palestinian city in northern West Jordan , 13 kilometers southwest of Jenin . It is located at an altitude of 350 meters above sea level near Sahl Arraba , a plain between Mount Carmel and Nablus . According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Arraba had a population of 9,920 in 2007.

history

Arraba's surroundings include Khirbet al-Hamam and Tel el-Muhafer , according to tradition it is said to be the location of the Canaanite city ​​of Arubboth from the Books of Kings (Rubutu in the Egyptian documents) and the city of Narbata in Roman times. Tell Dothan is northeast of Arraba.

Ottoman era (1517-1920)

Like the rest of Palestine, Arraba was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 . In the census of 1596 the village was in the " nahiya Jabal Sami in the Liwa of Nablus ". It had a population of 81 households and 31 bachelors, all Muslim . Taxes were paid on wheat, barley, summer produce, olive trees, occasional receipts, goats and beehives, and a press for olives or grapes.

Arraba is the origin of the Abd al-Hadi clan, once a leading landowning family in the districts of Afula , Baysan , Jenin and Nablus. The clan was traditionally against the Tuqan clan of Nablus. In the 1850s, the Ottoman rulers withdrew their soldiers from the district to use in the Crimean War . Hostilities then broke out between the various Palestinian factions. The Abd al-Hadis have taken over several villages. This was communicated to the British consul Rogers when he visited Arraba in 1856.

In April 1859, a coalition of Ottoman troops and local leaders waged war against the Abd al-Hadi clan and stormed Arraba. Members of the Abd al-Hadi clan fled or were captured. Meanwhile, the fortifications of Arraba were destroyed and the place sacked. With the subordination of Arraba, the Ottomans had destroyed the last bastion of independent local rule in the Nablus region.

The French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1870 and described it as follows: “This village is situated on a plateau… It is divided into three quarters, one of which was once surrounded by a wall flanked by small towers. This wall has now been largely destroyed after it was overthrown in a siege a few years ago during a revolt against the Caimacam of Nablus . "Guérin also wrote:" Arrabeh is certainly built on the ruins of an ancient city. It probably took the name of today's city. What remains are the old cisterns , which are cut into the rock, and a lot of processed stones, which are built into the modern houses. Before the Islamic era, there was a church here, and a mosque was built from the materials. At the entrance is a […] monolithic block made of white marble, in the middle of which a cross with the same bars was previously engraved. The interior of the church was designed with fluted columns with Corinthian capitals, half spiral, half vertical, fragments of the shafts can still be seen in the mosque ”. In 1882 the Palestine Exploration Fund described Arraba as “a very large village on the southern slope of a ridge, with houses on the plateau to the north. There is a small mosque in the center and a large building or two including the Sheikh's house. The water supply is entirely secured from the wells inside the village and on the road to the north. There is a ridge of very bare rocks between the village in the south and the plain ( Merj 'Arrabeh ) in the north. Scattered olives grow around the village, but the immediate neighborhood is very bare. The villagers are turbulent and rich and have very beautiful lands in the northern plain. ”From 1913 to 1914 the Ottomans built a branch with a train station from the old Jezreel valley railway through Arraba , even a branch of the now destroyed Hejaz railway that ended in Nablus.

British era 1920-1948

In the 1922 Palestine Census conducted by the British Mandate Government, Arraba had a population of 2,196, all of whom were Muslim. In the 1931 census in Palestine the number of the population had increased to 2500 - all Muslims, they lived in 554 houses. In 1945, the population was for an official land and population survey of 3810 Muslims with 39,901 dunams of land five dunams were used for citrus fruits and bananas, 3,568 dunams for plants and irrigation and 23,357 dunams for cultivation, while 315 dunams were densely populated country.

From 1948 to the present

In the course of the Arab-Israeli war and after the armistice agreements in 1949, Arraba came under the rule of Jordan . Arraba has been under Israeli occupation since the Six Day War in 1967 .

Individual evidence

  1. 2007 Locality Population Statistics Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics , 2008, (PDF; 2.41 MB)
  2. Zertal, Adam : Arubboth, Hepher, and the Third Solomonic District , 1984, pp. 72-76, 112-114, 133-136
  3. ^ Na'aman, Nadav: Canaan in the second millennium BCE , 2005, p. 212.
  4. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 128.
  5. ^ Lesch, Ann M .: Abd al-Hadi Family , Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa.
  6. Doumani, 1995, Chapter: Egyptian rule, 1831-1840.
  7. a b c Schölch, 1993, pp. 211-227
  8. Rogers, 1865, p. 236 ff
  9. Rogers, 1865, pp. 414 ff, on the children of Salih Abd al-Hadi
  10. Poujoulat, 1861, p. 291 ff: on Mahmoud Abd al-Hadi, exiled in Beirut
  11. Guérin, 1875, p. 218 ff, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 154 .
  12. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 154
  13. Gilbar, Gad G .: Ottoman Palestine, 1800-1914: Studies in Economic and Social History , 1990, p 197
  14. History of Israel: The British in Palestine (1918-1948) , accessed September 18, 2017.
  15. ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. 29
  16. Mills, 1932, p. 67
  17. ^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 16
  18. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. cited in Hadawi, 1970, p. 54
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. cited in Hadawi, 1970, p. 98
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. cited in Hadawi, 1970, p. 148

literature

  • Barron, JB (Ed.): Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 . Government of Palestine, 1923 ( archive.org ).
  • Claude Reignier Conder, Herbert Kitchener: The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography and Archeology . tape 2 . Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund , London 1882 ( archive.org ).
  • Department of Statistics: Village Statistics, April, 1945 . Government of Palestine, 1945 ( org.il ).
  • James Finn: Stirring Times . tape 1 . CK Paul & co, London 1878 ( archive.org ).
  • James Finn: Stirring Times . tape 2 . CK Paul & co, London 1878 ( archive.org ).
  • Victor Guérin: Description Géographique. Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine . tape 2 : Samarie, part 2. L'Imprimerie Nationale, Paris 1875 (French, archive.org ).
  • Sami Hadawi: Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine . Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, 1970 ( palestineremembered.com ).
  • Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth, Kamal Abdulfattah: Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century . Ed .: Board of Directors of the Franconian Geographical Society. Special volume 5. Erlangen Geographical Works, Erlangen 1977, ISBN 3-920405-41-2 ( Google book ).
  • E. Mills (Ed.): Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas . Government of Palestine, Jerusalem 1932 ( archive.org ).
  • Edward Henry Palmer: The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, RE Transliterated and Explained by EH Palmer . Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund , 1881 ( archive.org ).
  • Baptist Poujoulat: La vérité sur la Syrie et l'expédition française . Gaume frères et J. Duprey, 1861 ( archive.org ).
  • Mary Eliza Rogers: Domestic life in Palestine . Poe & Hichcock, 1865 ( archive.org ).
  • Alexander Schölch: Palestine in Transformation, 1856–1882: Studies in Social, Economic, and Political Development . Institute for Palestine Studies , 1993, ISBN 0-88728-234-2 ( Google book ).

Web links