Arturo Frondizi
Arturo Frondizi Ercoli (born October 28, 1908 in Paso de los Libres , Corrientes Province , Argentina , † April 18, 1995 in Buenos Aires ) was an Argentine politician and president (1958–1962).
Life and family
Frondizi was the son of a large family of Italian immigrants. Frondizi studied law at the Universidad de Buenos Aires . In 1931 he married Elena Faggionato de Frondizi and had a daughter with her (Elena Frondizi Faggionato; 1937–1976).
Political career until 1958
Frondizi was politically involved in the Radical Party ( Unión Cívica Radical (UCR)). During the first legislative term of the populist President Juan Domingo Perón , Frondizi was a member of the congress for the federal capital, as a parliamentary group member of a part of the UCR that Perón had not joined.
However, the ideological differences between Frondizi and Perón were comparatively small. The radical program of Avellaneda , in whose constitution Gabriel del Mazo and Luis Dellepiane played a key role during the first years of Perón's term of office, besides Frondizi , also called for a policy of industrialization , improved social security, as well as anti-imperialism and repression the " oligarchy " like President Perón himself.
In 1954, the Peronist government signed contracts with the American company Standard Oil for the exploitation of Argentine oil. Frondizi criticized this in his book “Política y Petróleo” as being pro-imperialist and selling off Argentine interests. (Today the Standard Oil contract is portrayed as one of the motivations behind the 1955 military coup that subsequently banished Perón to an 18-year exile.)
Under the following military government (from November 1955 under General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu ) Frondizi continued to distinguish himself as an open critic, now with a special emphasis on the interests of the workers , who suffered particularly from the anti-popular economic and social policy of the Aramburu government . At the beginning of 1957, the UCR split into a wing under Ricardo Balbín and Frondizi's own Unión Cívica Radical Intransigente (Indomitable Radical Citizens Union), which sought rapprochement with the now illegal Peronist movement.
1958 presidential election
In the run-up to the elections in February 1958, Frondizi sent emissaries to Caracas in the Venezuelan exile of Perón , who made a secret pact with the disempowered politician. Perón promised to give his supporters an election recommendation for Frondizi, while Frondizi made concessions in return for the future legalization of Peronism . With a large number of Peronist votes, Frondizi was elected President in February 1958. He received 52.77 percent of the vote and took office on May 1st of that year, supported by a heterogeneous coalition of radicals, nationalists, Peronists and even with the support of the small Communist Party. Its vice-president was Alejandro Gómez.
Presidency and later career
Frondizi's original election manifesto was a product of the Latin American desarrollismo typical of the time , which had developed in the context of the Economic Commission for Latin America ( CEPAL ) founded by the UN in Santiago de Chile in 1948 . He advocated state-induced industrialization in order to substitute imports and make developing countries more independent of price fluctuations for primary products on the world markets. In this respect, his program had similarities with the policy implemented by President Juscelino Kubitschek in neighboring Brazil . In Argentine practice, however, Frondizi's economic policy turned out to be more liberal than most of his supporters had hoped. In particular, his U-turn in oil policy (the president now began a campaign for further concessions to foreign companies) met with broad opposition.
In addition, Frondizi's presidency was characterized by the difficulty of reconciling a number of social and political interests. For one thing, the Peronist unions clashed with the government's social policy and considered the pace of legalizing Peronism to be too slow. As early as January 1959, the conflict with the workers' movement escalated into factory occupations and Perón finally decided to publicly announce the secret pact with Frondizi in order to have further leverage against the government in hand.
The still irreconcilable anti-Peronist military , however, observed the same developments with growing concern. At the beginning of the sixties the military opposition came to a head, reinforced by a meeting Frondizi with Ernesto Che Guevara in the course of a failed attempt in the Cuban Missile Crisis to mediate. When Peronist candidates finally won a series of gubernatorial elections in March 1962 (in particular the union leader Andrés Framini in the crucial province of Buenos Aires ), the military decided to oust Frondizi.
In 1963, Frondizi's wing of the UCR Intransigente became the Movimiento de Integración y Desarrollo (MID), which supported the Peronist Frente Justicialista de Liberación Nacional ( FREJULI ) (Judicial Front of National Liberation) when Perón returned to Argentina in 1973 .
Frondizi died in Buenos Aires in 1995 .
See also
literature
- Maria Ximena Alvarez: Frondizi Ercoli, Arturo , in: Handbuch des Antisemitismus , Volume 2/1, 2009, p. 264 ff.
Web links
Individual evidence
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Pedro Eugenio Aramburu |
President of Argentina 1958 - 1962 |
José María Guido |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Frondizi, Arturo |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Frondizi Ercoli, Arturo |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Argentine politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 28, 1908 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paso de los Libres |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 18, 1995 |
| Place of death | Buenos Aires |