Asiatic cornel

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Asiatic cornel
Illustration of the Asian Cornelian cherry (Cornus officinalis) in Siebolds and Zuccarini's "Flora Japonica" [1]

Illustration of the Asian cornel ( Cornus officinalis ) in Siebolds and Zuccarini's "Flora Japonica"

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Order : Dogwood-like (Cornales)
Family : Dogwood family (Cornaceae)
Genre : Dogwood ( Cornus )
Type : Asiatic cornel
Scientific name
Cornus officinalis
Siebold & Zucc.
Inflorescences of the Asian cornel ( Cornus officinalis ), last year's fruits in the background

The Asiatic cornel ( Cornus officinalis ) is a shrub or small tree belonging to the dogwood genus . It looks similar to the European cornel ( Cornus mas ), but comes from China, Japan and Korea. The botanical name officinalis refers to the use of the fruit as medicine, the Chinese name is 山茱萸 ( shānzhūyú ), the Japanese サ ン シ ュ ユ ( sanshuyu ), the Korean 산수유 ( sansuyu ).

description

The Asiatic Cornelian cherry grows to about four to ten meters high, in the shade often single-stemmed and towering, in free standing it is more bush-like, multi-stemmed and with an extended crown. The bark is gray-brown and flakes off thicker branches and trunks in thin flakes.

The oval, full-edged leaves are about six to ten centimeters long, as with many other dogwoods , the six to seven lateral nerves next to the midrib are bent forward. The underside of the leaf is lighter in color, and there are conspicuous reddish brown hairs in the armpits of the lateral nerves. In autumn the leaves change color before they fall off.

In spring, before the leaves shoot, the fragrant flowers appear. They are combined into small umbels , each umbel is framed by four inconspicuous bracts . The petals are yellow. The flowers develop into elongated, approximately two centimeters large, red or purple drupes by autumn . The fruits are eaten by numerous birds and mammals, which thus ensure the spread ( zoochory ).

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

distribution

The species is native to East Asia, roughly from central China northeast to Korea and Japan. It grows there in the undergrowth of forests, on forest edges and bushes.

Systematics

In the system, the following representation of the relationships between the Cornelian cherries results:

   
   
   
   

 Cornus mas


   

 Cornus officinalis



   

 Cornus chinensis


   

 Cornus eydeana




   

 Cornus volkensii



   

 Cornus sessilis



use

The fruits of the Asian dogwood ( botany : 茱萸 , zhūyú , Jyutping zyu 1 jyu 4 ; TCM : 棗皮 , zǎopí , Jyutping zou 2 pei 4 ;) are traditionally used in East Asian medicine.

literature

  • Qiu-Yun Xiang, David E. Boufford: Cornus officinalis . In: Flora of China . tape 14 , 1835, pp. 206 ff . ( efloras.org [accessed January 22, 2007]).

Web links

Commons : Asiatic Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus officinalis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Siebold, Zuccarini: Flora Japonica. Sectio Prima (Tafelband) , 1870 online
  2. ^ Siebold, Zuccarini: Flora Japonica. Sectio Prima (Volume I) , 1835 (online)
  3. a b C. officinalis at www.plantencyclo.com
  4. Cornus officinalis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. Qiu-Yun (Jenny) Xiang, Steve R. Manchester, David T. Thomas, Wenheng Zhang: Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Molecular Dating of Cornelian Cherries (Cornus, Cornaceae). Tracking Tertiary Plant Migration . In: evolution . tape 59 , no. 8 , 2005, ISSN  0014-3820 , p. 1685-1700 .