Asiatic crested newt
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Asiatic crested newt ( Triturus karelinii ) |
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| Triturus karelinii | ||||||||||||
| ( Strauch , 1870) |
The Asian crested newt ( Triturus karelinii ), also known as the southern crested newt or Persian crested newt, is a tailed amphibian from the family of real salamanders (Salamandridae). It belongs to the genus Triturus and to the species group of crested newts ( Triturus cristatus - "super species"). Until the 1980s it was only treated as a subspecies of the then "only" crested newt Trirurus cristatus .
features
Triturus karelinii is a large, strongly built crested newt with a flat, broad head and long limbs. Maximum body lengths of 18 to 19 centimeters are specified. With regard to external characteristics, the species is considered to be particularly variable. The dorsal color ranges from olive green to brownish to dark brown and is sometimes said to be "bluish"; in between there are darker, sometimes greenish spots on the fine-grained, granulated skin. The flanks have small white dots. The belly side and the throat are provided with dark spots on an orange background. The females sometimes show an orange-brown topline. Within the genus Triturus , the Asian crested newt most closely resembles the Alpine crested newt .
The males' water load is characterized by a moderately high, but above all less jagged back crest, which, in contrast to the other crested newts (compare in particular: Northern crested newt ) at the base of the tail sometimes barely merges into the skin edge of the oar tail. In the country costume, the back and tail crests are reduced again.
distribution
As far as we know today, the nominate form Triturus karelinii karelinii is found in outer western Turkey (around Izmir ), in the regions on the south and east coast of the Black Sea , in the Caucasus (including Georgia ), in the southern Crimea (there as the only tailed amphibian species) and - apparently after a distribution gap in Armenia - native to a strip south of the Caspian Sea (southern Azerbaijan and the Elburs Mountains in northern Iran to the city of Gorgan ).
Systematics and taxonomy
An alleged subspecies Triturus karelinii arntzeni , which is widespread in south-eastern Europe, was granted species status in 2009 after molecular genetic studies. In 2013, however, it was found that this Balkan crested newt ( Triturus arntzeni ) is less similar to the Asian than the Macedonian crested newt ( Triturus macedonicus ) and that their areas of distribution overlap. The Balkan crested newt was therefore synonymous with the Macedonian crested newt .
Phylogenetic studies in 2010 and 2013 revealed the division of the Asiatic crested newt into at least three groups that are largely geographically separated. This led to a new division of the species in 2013: The group native to Bulgaria , northeast Greece and western Turkey was separated from the group living in northern Anatolia as Triturus ivanbureschi (Buresch's crested newt or Balkan crested newt). The eastern group, widespread in the Caucasus and Iran along the Caspian Sea , retained the name Triturus karelinii . In 2016, Wielstra and Arntzen described the Anatolian group of this crested newt under the name Triturus anatolicus (Anatolian crested newt ) and reactivated the common name Balkan crested newt for the remaining group of Triturus ivanbureschi in western Turkey and in the Balkans.
Species protection
Legal protection status (selection)
- Habitats Directive : Annexes II and IV (specially protected areas are to be set up / species to be strictly protected)
- Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV): particularly protected
supporting documents
literature
- Dieter Glandt: Pocket dictionary of amphibians and reptiles in Europe. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-494-01470-8 .
- Burkhard Thiesmeier & Alexander Kupfer: The crested newt - a water dragon in danger. In: Supplement 1 of the Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie. Laurenti-Verlag, 2000, p. 158, ISBN 3-933066-06-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo, Ben Wielstra, Jan Willem Arntzen: Multiple nuclear and mitochondrial genes resolve the branching order of a rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus, Salamandridae). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52, 2009, pp. 321-328.
- ↑ Ben Wielstra, Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo, Ö. Güçlü, K. Olgun, NA Poyarkov, Jan Willem Arntzen: Cryptic crested newt diversity at the Eurasian transition: The mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of Near Eastern Triturus newts. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56, 2010, pp. 888-896.
- ↑ Ben Wielstra, SN Litvinchuk, Borislav Naumov, Nikolay Tzankov, Jan Willem Arntzen: A revised taxonomy of crested newts in the Triturus karelinii group (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae), with the description of a new species. In: Zootaxa. 3682, 3, June 2013, pp. 441–453 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.3682.3.5 .
- ↑ B. Wielstra, JW Arntzen: Description of a new species of crested newt, previously subsumed in Triturus ivanbureschi (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae). Zootaxa, 4109, 1, pp. 73–80, 2016 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4109.1.6 ( Open Access )
