Atlantic quill rats

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Atlantic quill rats
Trinomys sp.

Trinomys sp.

Systematics
Subordination : Porcupine relatives (Hystricomorpha)
Partial order : Hystricognathi
without rank: Guinea Pig Relatives (Caviomorpha)
Family : Quill rats (Echimyidae)
Subfamily : Eumysopinae
Genre : Atlantic quill rats
Scientific name
Trinomys
Thomas , 1921

The Atlantic echimyidae ( Trinomys ) are a rodent genus of from the family of echimyidae (Echimyidae). They occur exclusively in the Atlantic rainforests on the southeast coast of Brazil .

features

Although all spiny rats belong to the subordination of the porcupine relatives (Hystricomorpha), the species of the Atlantic spiny rats, unlike many of their relatives, have no spines. In size and appearance, they are more similar to rats , but are not closely related to them. Their coloring is white underneath. The top hairs on the sides are gray to brown and lighter than on the back, where particularly long guard hairs form a thick, dark coat. The head-trunk length of adults is between 17 and 23 centimeters. The length of the tail can be 82 to 106 percent of the head-trunk length, depending on the species.

They can only be clearly distinguished from the short spiny rats (genus Proechimys ) by a few anatomical features. This includes special tooth formations and the shape of the skull capsule. The Atlantic barbed rats do not have bone ridges on the top of their skulls. The tympanic membrane is divided by thin bony partitions.

The shape of the penis bone of the male is also used to differentiate between the individual species .

distribution

All but one species are found in the Mata Atlântica , the Atlantic rainforest in southeastern Brazil. An exception is the Yonenaga Atlantic spiny rat , which occurs in the vegetation of the Rio São Francisco further west inland. The distribution area of ​​the Atlantic quill rats includes the Brazilian states of Bahia , Minas Gerais , Espírito Santo , Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo and Paraná . The white-spiked Atlantic spiny rat ( Trinomys albispinus) occupies the northern, Ihering-Atlantic spiny rat ( Trinomys iheringi ) the southern foothills of the distribution area. In contrast to this, the range of the genus of the short spiny rats, to which the Atlantic spiny rats were previously counted, extends from Honduras in Central America over the entire rainforest of the Amazon basin to Paraguay .

So far, no occurrences of the Atlantic quill rats have been observed above the Montanen altitude level , which is between 500 and 1400 meters above sea level.

Systematics

Although Oldfield Thomas distinguished the Trinomys species from the other species of the Proechimys genus as early as 1921 , he established only one subgenus for them. He determined the white-pricked Atlantic spiny rat ( Trinomys albispinus) as the type species . Only molecular biological studies of Márcia C. Lara from 1994 have shown that Proechimys not monophyletic is generic. Lara then suggested that the sub-genus Trinomys should be separated as a separate genus. At the same time, some subspecies were raised to species.

species

11 species are currently distinguished, subspecies are listed indented:

Status: February 2015

Trinomys Eliasi , Trinomys moujeni and Trinomys yonenagae are considered "high risk" (Endangered) classified by Trinomys mirapitanga and Trinomys paratus there is "insufficient data" (Data Deficient) .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Márcia C. Lara, JL Patton & Erika Hingst-Zaher: Trinomys mirapitanga, a new species of spiny rat (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Mammalian biology, Journal of Mammalian Studies, 67, pp. 233-242, Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2002
  2. ^ A b John F. Eisenberg, Kent H. Redford: Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil. University of Chicago Press, May 2000, pp. 498-500 ISBN 0-226-19542-2
  3. ↑ Oldfield Thomas: On the spiny rats of the Proechimys group from Southeastern Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 8, pp. 140-143, 1921 (first description)
  4. ↑ a b M. C. Lara & JL Patton: Evolutionary diversification of spiny rats (genus Trinomys, Rodentia: Echimyidae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 130, pp. 661-686, 2000 doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2000.tb02205.x
  5. ↑ Jeronymo Dalapicolla & Yuri LR Leite: Taxonomic implications of morphological variation in three species of Trinomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from eastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3919, 1 pp. 61–80, February 2015
  6. ↑ Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Ed.): Mammal Species of the World . A taxonomic and geographic Reference . 3. Edition. 2 volumes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 (English, Trinomys ).
  7. ↑ Trinomys in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. Accessed February 16, 2015.

literature

  • Oldfield Thomas: On the spiny rats of the Proechimys group from Southeastern Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 8, pp. 140-143, 1921 (first description)

Web links

Commons : Atlantic Sting Rats  - Collection of images, videos and audio files