Reconnaissance network
Reconnaissance group is the grouping of all reconnaissance systems of an army / state in planning and in action.
The network of all existing reconnaissance systems must provide a continuously updated and complete picture of the situation in real time as a basis for the political and military judgment, action and decision-making process in peacetime, in crisis situations and in action . The intelligence services are involved, especially in the run-up to emerging crises and operations.
Due to the internationalization of crisis management in the world, the individual national reconnaissance networks should be able to be integrated into international reconnaissance architectures / information networks ( C⁴ISR ). The comprehensive expression is therefore also an information and leadership network . In the Bundeswehr Plan 2010 it is planned to contribute to the future space-based reconnaissance network Multinational Space-based Imaging System for Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Observation (MUSIS).
Geopolitical structure
The reconnaissance network comprises the levels
- worldwide education,
- extensive reconnaissance and
- Reconnaissance in the operational area as well as tactical reconnaissance by the troops.
Long-range reconnaissance serves to monitor large areas over a large area beyond the immediate area of operation for operational planning and implementation. The tactical reconnaissance refers to the immediate area of the operation and during the operation, if possible, in real time, while the strategic reconnaissance includes the entire environment and is carried out "as a precaution" continuously by gaining basic information. Another division according to military mission tasks is tactical and strategic reconnaissance.
Technical structure
From a technical point of view, the reconnaissance network is divided into imaging and signaling reconnaissance, as well as evaluation and data forwarding to the users ("customers"). Depending on how they are fed into the system, the individual users receive the current information as required, either automatically, if necessary with priority down to the individual unit, or on request from the management systems .
Imaging education
The imaging reconnaissance encompasses area-wide reconnaissance and surveillance by mostly active radar devices with SAR and MTI capabilities (see Joint Stars , SOSTAR-X , AGS ). For targeted reconnaissance to clarify the situation, it includes passive multispectral and optoelectronic sensors (for example, the equipment of the CL 289 drone ) or generally with IR (active or passive, here with or without infrared emitters) as well as cameras with laser range finders .
These sensors are used from space ( satellites , SAR-Lupe ), from the air (manned, see Tornado RECCE and unmanned aircraft, see LUNA ) and on the ground / at sea by stationary or mobile systems (see NBR ).
Signal detection reconnaissance
Known under the term SIGINT , the signal-recording reconnaissance encompasses area-wide reconnaissance and surveillance as well as targeted reconnaissance to clarify the situation by capturing the opposing frequency spectrum ( ELINT ) and capturing and evaluating the opposing radio traffic ( COMINT ).
These sensors are usually passive and are manned from the air ( Breguet Atlantic BR-1150 M , ECR Tornado ) and unmanned ( EuroHawk ) and on the ground / at sea ( fleet service boats ) by stationary and mobile systems.
evaluation
The evaluation includes the automated / immediate evaluation of the reconnaissance results of all sensors and systems and insertion into the overall situation ( data fusion ), if necessary supplementation with further current knowledge and information from the database and the setting in the information network . The user has the option of requesting detailed explanations. These are passed on to the sensor operators and, as far as possible, also executed.
Web links
- Core components and options of a modern reconnaissance network, expert discussion (public part)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bundeswehr Plan 2010
- ^ Military use of space , Research Group Security Policy, Science and Politics Foundation, May 2006
- ↑ FUCHS Group (PDF; 2.8 MB) Satellite-based reconnaissance in the European network
- ↑ Integration of the NBR short-range radar into the reconnaissance network