Lock picking
Under Lockpicking ( English lock , Lock and pick , pick, 'poking') or Nachschließen , commonly known as picking , understands the Aufsperrtechnik to open cylinder locks (locks) without one for matching keys to use and without damaging the lock.
Lockpicking is operated by private individuals and associations as well as by secret services , geocachers , criminals and key services.
theory
The mechanical inaccuracies of a lock are used to open locks without a key . A lock enables a code to be entered. This is usually multi-digit. Each position is coded in the form of a notch of a certain depth in the key's bit. If you enter a correct code (a locking key) the lock can be opened, if you enter an incorrect code, it cannot. Since the number of incorrect codes for a particular lock is many times greater than that of the correct one, it is very difficult to find a correct code by chance. An attacker could now try out all possible codes in sequence until they accidentally come across the correct one ( brute force method ). In practice, however, a lock gives feedback as soon as a partial code is entered (e.g. moving a pen) as to whether the partial code is correct or not. This makes it possible in this example to move all five pins, which are moved through the notches in the beard when the key is used, individually into the correct position, which massively reduces the effort required for opening. This is made possible by manufacturing inaccuracies that z. B. cause a pin to bind earlier, i.e. H. Gives feedback about the correct partial code than someone else. Another, passive method of re-locking consists in analyzing the lock or the signs of wear that occur when the lock is used with the correct key (e.g. caused by teeth of different lengths on a key) in order to find out the correct code to bring and to be able to make a duplicate key.
In the following sections, the pin locks widespread in Central Europe will be discussed in particular, but in principle all mechanical locks can be re-locked. There is, for example, the Hobbs hook for chubb locks , and special coaxial tools are available for rotary disk locks ; Mechanical combination locks (safe locks) can also be re-locked without the use of tools, just using sensors. There are companies that specialize in the manufacture of sophisticated picking tools; some of the sales are only to locksmiths or police authorities and secret services . Whether or not a particular lock can be re-closed depends on three parameters: the time available, the tools that can be used and personal knowledge. The time required, depending on these parameters and the lock, ranges from seconds to hours, or there is no known successful attack. A common burglar normally chooses the easiest route and will, for example, break open a door with force if opening the lock without force takes too many resources. According to estimates by the police authorities, only around 0.5 percent of break-ins are caused by locking the lock. However, if entry is to take place covertly and unnoticed , which comes into play in the context of classic espionage , police surveillance , industrial espionage and other information theft, the security of the lock against subsequent locking plays a major role. With safes , too , the option of locking the lock is often chosen, as the hurdle for opening by force is very high due to the massive construction. A legal need arises when the rightful owner has lost his key and z. B. wants to have a door opened as possible without damage. Since mechanical locks are always susceptible to re-locking, electronic locks are increasingly being used in the high-security area. For example, the US General Services Administration only allows electronic locks to protect confidential documents.
Definitions
- casing
- The part shown in light gray in the graphic. It is fixed and surrounds the moving core.
- core
- The part shown in dark gray in the graphic. It can only be rotated relative to the housing if all pin pairs with their parting line are at the level of the shear line.
- Parting line
- The gap between the core pin and the housing pin.
- Core pin
- The upper part of the respective pair of pins, shown in yellow in the graphic.
- Housing pin
- The lower part of the respective pair of pins, shown in red in the graphic. A compression spring is located underneath.
- Shear line
- The lower dividing line between the movable and immovable part of the lock cylinder , i.e. between the core and the housing. In the graphic the border between the dark gray and the light gray area.
techniques
Classic method
With the help of specially shaped tools ( picks ) one penetrates the key channel of the lock core and pushes down the pins contained therein, which is normally done by the indentations on the serrated side of a key. To turn the core of the lock cylinder and thus to move the locking mechanism of the door lock, i.e. to open the lock, a so-called tensioner is used for lock picking .
Put
Setting describes an opening technique in which the pins are pressed down one at a time in order to be “set”. The core of a lock cylinder is carefully held under tension so that the set pin remains stuck until it has finally happened to everyone. It is often referred to as "setting individually".
The preferred tactile tool is the hook. With its tip, a pen is sought that has a "bond". Binding means that the housing pin is clamped by the applied tension and frictional forces act. The frictional force is overcome by applying pressure with the hook until the pin reaches the shear line. Now there is no binding on this housing pin and only the spring force acts. This force is very small compared to the above-mentioned frictional force and also only acts over a very short distance between approximately 0.1 and 0.3 mm. A pen that behaves like this is called “set”. If the pin is pushed beyond this point, the core pin hits the housing and creates a "contact force" that is many times greater.
Rake
In contrast to setting, raking refers to a technique in which, for example, a hook (a special tool) is used to pull the pins from back to front. Although chance plays a major role in this, it also takes just as much practice. Locks are seldom opened by simply raking them. The core is much more likely to incline slightly, which is known as tilting . Then it is often set until the lock opens, which is often referred to as follow -up. This is why the basic technique for opening a lock is often described as "anraken (English to rake , rake ') and repositioning", but this does not always lead to success, as every lock has different properties.
Raken
Raken (English (to) rake , harken ') describes a technique of lockpicking sport, in which the picking tool is not only pulled from back to front, as is the case with raking , but also pushed from front to back. With raking, this happens permanently and not one after the other as with raking. The Six Mountains tool is often used here, as this tool usually touches all tumblers of the locks that are regularly used (with 5 tumblers).
The raking generates a vibration, but also a multiple setting, through which the cylinder opens.
With this technology, however, only inexpensive locks can usually be opened.
Percussion method
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The percussion method differs from the classic picking technique in that it exploits a design-inherent security gap in pin locks (also dimple locks). As a result, this method only works with these lock types, but can enable extremely simple and quick opening. The process is similar to that of a billiard game : if a ball is hit with the cue , it receives an impulse and rolls across the table. If it hits another ball, it transfers its impulse to the other ball and stops itself. In the case of a lock, this means that all core pins receive an impulse at the same time with a tool, pass this impulse on to the housing pins, which are now thrown into the housing and the core pins themselves remain in free suspension for a very short time. This brief moment in which the lock is not locked because there is a gap between the core and housing pins is exploited and opened.
Immediately during or better after the impulse, the cylinder has to be turned a little with a little preload, as a result of which the housing pins that are thrown into the housing are fixed and cannot return to their original locking position. Then the cylinder can be turned once, the lock is unlocked. The preload for the turning movement of the key must not be too great, otherwise the housing pins will tilt and no longer move. Well-known tools of the percussion method are pick pistols and bump wrenches.
Tools
Stretcher
The tensioner is an auxiliary tool that is required in some methods for the non-destructive opening of lock cylinders. The tensioner for profile cylinders is inserted into the front of the cylinder to tension the core and to rotate it after unlocking. The ends of the tensioners are usually of different widths, so that they fit different locks. Accordingly, there are very different tensioners, z. B. for vehicles (mostly Y-shaped so that the pick has space in the middle), safes, e-pick, dimple cylinders and others.
Hook
The hook is the standard tool for setting pins individually. The pins can be pressed down one at a time with the flattened tip of the hook.
Half diamond
The half diamond is a used to lock picking tool that looks like a triangle so because of its shape, as if it is a split in the middle diamond (English: diamond ). It is good for both raking and setting, but usually not very good for either, which is why it is used relatively little. Dimple locks can also be opened with it.
Pear diamond
The pear diamond is a tool in lock picking that is used for individual setting. Because of its angled shape with a round thickening at the end, the drop, you have a particularly precise feel when handling the tool, which makes it well suited for locking cylinders with low tolerances.
Snake
The snake (English snake ) is a tool that is used exclusively for the rakes of a lock. In the best case scenario, the special shape enables multiple pens to be set at the same time. In any case, you have more pen contact with the snake than with other opening tools. There are many different forms of this tool, all of which have in common that the tip of the tool is serpentine.
Snowman
The snowman (also known as a double ball ) is a tool that is similar in shape to a snowman (two discs on top of each other, the upper one is sometimes a little smaller). This tool is mostly used to open disc tumbler locks. With its round shape, this tool is particularly easy to pull over the tumblers (discs) of the disc tumbler lock. The snowman is therefore well suited for disc guard locks because the discs of these locks protrude into the lock core from both sides. However, it can also be used to rake standard lock cylinders.
Six Mountains
In contrast to conventional picks, this pick is longer and has several prongs. The Six Mountains tool is a rake tool that can be used to open cheap, rarely good cylinder locks and padlocks.
Extractor
An extractor is a tool for removing broken keys. If a key breaks in the lock, you can pull out the broken key piece with this pointed tool, which is similar in shape to a fish hook.
Locking pistol
Blocking pistols, also known as picking pistols, electropicks or e-picks, are available both manually and electrically operated. Both work on the percussion principle . With the locking pistol, a blow pulse is transmitted to the pin or disc guard locking devices, which, with a little practice , can be used to create a locking gap - i.e. all pins are brought into the correct position at the same time so that the lock can be unlocked. One speaks of unlocking the lock.
Mechanical locking pistols can be used to deliver one blow or a few blows per trigger. With electric locking pistols, also known as “e-picks”, a significantly higher impact frequency can be generated, since these tools are operated by an electric motor and the impact tool works like a jigsaw and hits the pins.
E-picks, with which the beat frequency can be set variably, are called “multipicks”.
Bump key
Another technique known since the 1920s is the striking method or striking technique. A special key, bump key or English bump key is called, which only has to fit in the profile for the lock, milled at each pin position on the deepest cut that is possible for this cylinder type. The edge in front of each pin has an angle of approximately 45 °, which gives bump keys their typical "triangular" shape in the key bit. The material of bump keys should be as hard as possible in order to facilitate handling and springing. Stainless steel is mostly used for the production of high-quality bump keys - but any conventional key with a suitable profile can also be "filed" as a bump key. In addition, the shoulder, i.e. the stop of the key, is filed down about 1 mm so that when the key is in the lock, it can be pushed in about 1 mm further, but by the spring force of the pins pressing into the notches of the key is pushed out again by this bit.
When pushing in (1 mm), the pins in the lock are all pushed down a little at the same time. If this happens very quickly, by tapping lightly with the wooden stick or plastic handle of a screwdriver, the individual housing pins are greatly accelerated via the core pins, so that the percussion principle takes place as with the pick pistol (see E-Pick ). The strength of the blows should be moderate and rather weak, it is more like a knock. This process must also be repeated after each full rotation of the cylinder, as the housing pins lock again after one full rotation.
To learn this opening technique, which is very efficient with simple cylinder locks, a little practical exercise is necessary. If you master this opening method, cylinder locks that are not appropriately secured can be opened with a bump key in a few seconds, with almost no trace. Due to the relatively simple handling, which in addition to a little practice only requires mediocre skill, this opening method is rather frowned upon by people who practice non-destructive lock opening without a key as a sport.
A bump key usually leaves an impression on the lock below the key channel, namely where the shoulder hits. This is partly remedied by putting some tape on the shoulder. In practice, the traces that bump keys leave behind in the lock when they are used once are very small and cannot be recognized by laypeople. However, due to the hard material of the bump key, if it is used often in the same lock, increased wear occurs. Bump keys should therefore not be used for regular opening. In general, the following applies to any mechanical opening technique: It is not free of traces.
Basically, this method only works with pin locks due to the design, other lock types (e.g. turntable locks) are immune to it. There are also special pin locks that are mechanically secured against the use of impact keys. With these locks, turning the bump key in the lock causes a lock: The bump key can then no longer be turned and can no longer simply be removed from the lock. With other types, the pins of the key not only have to be brought to the correct height, but also rotated at a certain angle in order to be able to open the lock, which the impact method can only achieve if the impact key has already been milled with suitable angles.
Bump keys can also be used to close locks (= locking): In this case, the direction of rotation is simply the opposite of the direction of rotation that is used to open. In the case of locks that are not secured against the use of bump keys, there is thus the problem that unauthorized opening with subsequent closing is practically not recognized due to the slight damage to the lock.
Sky key
A sky key or comb key is a tool used in lock picking to open incorrectly manufactured locks. A manufacturing error in relation to the locking elements allows a tool like the sky key to depress all tumblers at the same time and thus unlock the lock. This is possible because the core pins, for example, have an incorrect overall length compensation, incorrect springs were used for the locking elements, or the width of the locking elements does not match the holes made for the locking elements. Some companies use components from older or defective productions in order to save material and effort for new ones and this error occurs occasionally. The exact size and accuracy of the locking elements play a major role. If these are not adhered to, this often leads to this mechanical error. The error occurs with both new and older locks.
Impression handle
An impression handle is an auxiliary tool used in lock picking to make impressions on a key blank. Impression handles are mostly made of metal and are used to clamp key blanks. These are then moved, for example in a profile cylinder in the clamped impression handle, so that impressions of the tumblers are obtained on the key blank. The lockpicker uses these impressions to manually file incisions in the key with a file. After every wave-like movement that is carried out with the key inserted in the lock, imprints can usually be seen on the key blank. If, when the technique is used correctly, no impressions can be seen on the key blank, the filed key incision has the correct depth or it has already been filed too deep.
Impression pliers
Under an impression pliers is meant a material used in the lock picking auxiliary tool for producing impressions on a key blank. Impression pliers are mostly made of metal and are used to clamp key blanks. These key blanks are then moved, for example in a profile cylinder in clamped impression pliers, in such a way that impressions (impressions) of the tumblers are obtained on the key blank.
Jiggler
A jiggler (from English jiggle , wiggle ',' shake ') is a tool used in lock picking or a type of trial key to open disc or double disc locks. This tool is less based on the method of opening by vibration, but more on the level of multiple setting by raking. A tensioner is not necessary with this tool, a persistent torque is generated with the jiggler itself (by turning to the left or right when jiggling), which creates the tension required to set the tumblers multiple times.
Bypass tools
Bypass tools are objects that are inserted into locks in order to trigger an opening by exploiting a fault in the locking system. There are locking systems whose mechanics, due to faulty manufacture or too much space, allow certain objects with special bends to be inserted in such a way that the locking process can be carried out and thus the lock is unlocked. Usually you will find bypass tools for padlocks (often with spring-loaded pins), as this type of lock offers and uses such mechanics that can make it possible to use an opening with the bypass tool. The locking mechanism is often two crescent-shaped pieces of metal that complement each other. One half of the crescent (half A) is firmly anchored in one of the units of the pure locking mechanism to unlock the lock, in the lock itself. The other half B of the crescent, on the other hand, is usually located in the locking mechanism, which then ultimately triggers the main mechanism. In the case of padlocks, half B would be the core of the lock cylinder and half A would be the locking mechanism that releases the shackle. Often these gaps only occur in extremely inexpensive locking systems, which, according to the manufacturer, should normally not be used to protect expensive valuables.
Cutting cylinder
A cutaway cylinder ( cutaway lock ) is a machined lock in which the locking mechanism was made visible by milling rectangular pockets . These locks are available ex works, mostly for presentation purposes and not for sale, but also privately made. In the case of cutting cylinders, so much material is removed by milling a rectangular pocket that the tumblers can be seen from the lock without tumblers falling out of the lock or being pushed out. With lock pickers, these locks are mainly used as training cylinders or as collector's items.
Pinball machine
A flipper or plug spinner is an auxiliary tool in lock picking, with which a lock cylinder can be suddenly rotated by approx. A quarter turn. The spring inside the flipper can be tensioned by turning it to the left or right, at the push of a button it can be released and the cylinder rotated. In the case of cylinders that are locked several times, the pins only need to be set once because the flipper can swing the cylinder core over the locking point.
Locking elements
For some time now, the manufacturers of locks of all kinds have known that their locks can in most cases be opened non-destructively by lock pickers, with a few exceptions at present. The number and type of locking elements used in a lock thus play an essential role in relation to the difficulty of non-destructive opening. In principle, this applies to any non-destructive opening method, regardless of whether using a bump key, locking pistol, e-pick or manual opening (using a pick or hobbian hook) or something similar. Since the time in Germany (around 1960) when the old round cylinders in doors were replaced by 17 mm Euro profile cylinders, manufacturers have paid more attention to the security of the locks in terms of lock picking. A conventional and inexpensive lock, such as a China profile cylinder, usually has so-called solid pins almost exclusively. These solid pins are completely cylindrical locking elements without notches, grooves or the like. This type of unmodified tumbler, also known as “normal locking elements without fakes” in lock picking, is also found in other types of locks, for example in chub locks. The panes of the Chubb locks simply do not have any fake cuts. In order to increase the security of locks, if possible no solid pins or locking elements without fakes and notches are used. Nowadays, in classic pen cylinders you almost always find some so-called dumbbell pins (the shape is similar to a dumbbell for training), which make manipulation more difficult because the pins get caught between the housing and the core in a so-called tilted state . Different shapes make the lock picker's work difficult: In addition to the dumbbell pins already mentioned, there are mushroom-head, torpedo, notch, diabolo, hybrid pins and privately manufactured, individual shapes.
Usually only the housing pins have these special shapes, but there are also manufacturers who also make core pins with notches. Some manufacturers still create grooves within the housing bores, which hold the pins in the wrong positions in the housing (so-called "counter milling"). For lock pickers, the different pin shapes not only have the effect of tilting slightly in order to block the core. The lockpicker also receives different haptic feedback from these different pen types when picking. Feedback in this case means how the pin feels when pressed down, provided it is binding. If the lockpicker sets a pin and feels no more frictional forces, but only spring force, this does not necessarily mean that the pin has been set correctly, as it may be a dumbbell pin and it has simply been jammed. To do this, the lockpicker has to tap again, pen by pen, and feels a tendency to rotate the core in the finger with which he or she is cocking. The respective pin with which this tendency can be recognized must then be added, there can also be several.
Aside from spring-loaded pins, there are also sliders and other locking elements. For example, certain magnetic rotors that are found in some profile cylinders are very safe. Sliders are available with suspension and unsprung. As a rule, they form an "alley", which then releases a "sidebar". There are also fake cuts in these locking elements. Unsprung sliders are usually particularly low-wear and difficult to set.
proof
The possibility of being able to re-lock locks makes it necessary to prove or exclude this based on traces left or not. This plays e.g. B. in the assumption of damage caused by a break-in by an insurance company. There are insurance fraudsters who pretend to close a lock in order to obtain the insured amount. The resulting field of work, a division of forensics , is concerned with studying the traces that emerge when closing different locks using different tools and techniques. Locks seized at crime scenes are dismantled and examined microscopically for traces that indicate a subsequent lock. Whether traces can be detected in a re-locked lock, however, depends on many factors: A very simple lock can be pecked without leaving any traces, on the other hand, with appropriate knowledge or tools (e.g. wholly or partially non-metallic picks) and techniques (decoding, e.g. with an endoscope , and creating a duplicate key) traces are avoided. Traces can also be destroyed by a subsequent regular opening with the right key. As a rule, a key always leaves the same pattern of wear marks. If you find fresh traces in the lock that do not match the pattern of the key, you can at least say that there was something in the lock that was not the key. Other factors such as intensity, material, shape of the scratches etc. then give the forensic scientist the opportunity to find out whether it was lock picking or not.
Geocaching
In geocaching there are geocaches whose final container is secured, for example, by a padlock which, according to the listing , the description of the respective geocache, should be opened by lock picking. There are lock picking caches on geocaching.com in the categories multi-cache , puzzle cache and traditional . Lock picking workshops are also offered as part of geocaching events to train geocachers in the techniques of lock picking. Lockpicking geocaches also exist on other geocaching platforms such as opencaching.de . In this way, lock picking has become part of geocaching, as opening the final container of these geocache variants would not comply with the rules in any other way, for example by force, and the geocaching community is dedicated to the topic of "lock picking" through internally organized events.
Sports
Lock picking has developed into a kind of sport in recent years, and lock picking clubs have been set up in some countries, for example the Sportsfreunde der Sperrtechnik Deutschland e. V. (SSDeV) or Schlösser Picken als Schweizer Sport (SPASS) in Switzerland.
Championships in lock opening
German championships
The German championships in lock opening are organized annually by the SSDeV. In various disciplines, those who can open locks in a short time without damaging them are honored. The winners manage to open locks that are considered secure in less than a minute. The championships took place from 1997 to 2005 as part of the Chaos Communication Congress , an event of the Chaos Computer Club . The championships have been taking place independently since 2006.
German champion
| Hand opening | Freestyle | Padlock opening | Flash opening | Impression technique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Arthur Master | Reinhard Maxam | no master | no master | no master |
| 1998 | Johannes Markmann | Mario slide | no master | Arthur Master | Mario slide |
| 1999 | Arthur Master | Arthur Master | no master | no master | Jürgen Dreeßen |
| 2000 | Manfred Bölker | Mario slide | Mario slide | no master | no master |
| 2001 | Mario slide | Manfred Bölker | Arthur Master | no master | Manfred Bölker |
| 2002 | Manfred Bölker | Arthur Master | Manfred Bölker | no master | no master |
| 2003 | Manfred Bölker | Manfred Bölker | Torsten Quast | no master | no master |
| 2004 | Julian Hardt | Manfred Bölker | Torsten Quast | no master | Manfred Bölker |
| 2005 | Arthur Master | Manfred Bölker | Arthur Master | Jürgen Quast | Oliver Diederichsen |
| 2006 | Julian Hardt | Manfred Bölker | Torsten Quast | Julian Hardt | Peter Danilov |
| 2007 | Manfred Bölker | Gerhard Hepperle | Julian Hardt | no master | Manfred Bölker |
| 2008 | Manfred Bölker | Julian Hardt | Julian Hardt | no master | Barry Catfish |
| 2009 | Julian Hardt | Ingo Herges | Manfred Bölker | no master | Oliver Diederichsen |
| 2010 | Julian Hardt | Julian Hardt | Manfred Bölker | no master | Arthur Master |
| 2011 | Julian Hardt | Julian Hardt | Manfred Bölker | no master | Jos Weyers |
| 2012 | Ingo Herges | Ingo Herges | Manfred Bölker | no master | Jos Weyers |
| 2013 | Ahmet Kilic | Torsten Quast | Manfred Bölker | no master | Manfred Bölker |
| 2014 | Marc Bromm | Ahmet Kilic | Julian Hardt | no master | Manfred Bölker |
| 2015 | Akos Subecz | Marc Bromm | Christian Holler | no master | Jos Weyers |
| 2016 | Christian Holler | Marc Bromm | Christian Holler | no master | Oliver Diederichsen |
| 2017 | Marc Bromm | Marc Bromm | Christian Holler | Torsten Quast | Jos Weyers |
| 2018 | Torsten Quast | Christian Holler | Manfred Bölker | no master | Jos Weyers |
| 2019 | Christian Holler | Marlon Heller | Christian Holler | no master | Oliver Diederichsen |
Swiss championships
The Swiss association SPASS has also held an annual championship since 2008 . Each participant brings their own lock and must be able to open it within two minutes as an entry test. At this threshold several participants fail in every championship. Then the participants are divided into groups, within the group the locks of the other participants are to be opened, five minutes are available per lock. A maximum of 15 points can be achieved with each lock, and the number of points is reduced by one every 30 seconds. Depending on the number of participants, several rounds will be held so that 6 to 8 participants remain at the final round.
Austrian championships
Since 2011 championships have been held annually in Austria. The host is the OpenLocks Association for the Promotion of Physical Security.
See also
literature
- Marc Weber Tobias: Locks, Safes and Security: An International Police Reference, Second Edition , Charles C. Thomas, Springfield 2000, ISBN 0-398-07079-2
- Michael Bübl: Secret knowledge of the key service, a guide to opening a lock , ISBN 978-3-9501719-0-7
- Bernd Jacobi: Lockpicking like the professionals (DVD), ISBN 978-3-00-039419-5
Web links
- Sports fans of the Sperrtechnik Germany e. V.
- OpenLocks Austria
- MIT Guide to Lock Picking (PDF; 509 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Information from the Bavarian LKA about burglary methods
- ↑ http://www.crypto.com/papers/safelocks.pdf Paper on re-locking mechanical combination locks
- ↑ http://www.freepatentsonline.com/1667223.pdf US patent from 1926 describing the impact method.
- ↑ Bookmark list of lockpicking geocaches for basic members on geocaching.com, accessed on January 27, 2018.
- ↑ Bookmark list of 545 lockpicking geocaches for basic and premium members on geocaching.com, accessed on January 27, 2018.
- ↑ Listing for the event geocache GC321V2 , accessed on January 27, 2018.
- ↑ Listing for the event geocache GC79QTN , accessed on January 27, 2018.
- ↑ Listing for the event geocache GC6JT0C , accessed on January 27, 2018.
- ↑ Listing OC106B2 on opencaching.de for a lockpicking geocache, accessed on January 27, 2018.
- ↑ Listing OC127F1 on opencaching.de for a lockpicking geocache, accessed on January 27, 2018.
- ^ Article on the homepage of the geocaching.com reviewer in Franconia on the subject of "Lockpicking and Geocaching", accessed on January 27, 2018.
- ↑ Lockpicking Association
- ↑ German Championships in Lock Opening ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Lockpicking: How analog hackers pick locks. In: derstandard.at
- ↑ Results - OpenLocks. Retrieved October 10, 2018 (German).
