Eyebright bloom

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Eyebright bloom
Eupithecia laquaearia.jpg

Eyebright pods ( Eupithecia laquaearia )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Larentiinae
Genre : Moth ( Eupithecia )
Type : Eyebright bloom
Scientific name
Eupithecia laquaearia
Herrich-Schäffer , 1848

The Eyebright Pug ( Eupithecia laquaearia ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the tensioner (Geometridae). The specific epithet is based on the Latin word laquear meaning "paneled ceiling" and refers to the drawing of the moths.

features

butterfly

The wingspan of the moth is 17 to 19 millimeters. The basic color of all wings varies from light gray to yellow-gray to brownish gray. The black, elongated discoidal spot on the upper side of the forewing stands out clearly . The narrow yellow-gray bandages and the dark transverse lines are usually slightly blurred. The hind wings are somewhat brightened in the basal region and show a very small center. The fringes on all wings are piebald.

Caterpillar, pupa

Adult caterpillars are smooth and slender, the front part is slightly tapered. They are yellowish or greenish in color and show a large angular red-brown spot on the back on each segment. The amber-yellow doll is provided with green wing sheaths. There are two large and six small hook bristles on the dark brown cremaster .

Similar species

The wing is provided with a similar pattern of moth Leinkraut-Pug ( Eupithecia linareata ) Rotfingerhut-Pug ( Eupithecia pulchellata ) and yellow thimble Pug ( Eupithecia pyreneata ) marked all distinctive and colorful.

Distribution and occurrence

The species is widespread in southern Europe, and isolated evidence is available from western and central Europe. It is absent in the British Isles and Fennoscandinavia . The eyebright moth occurs on moist meadows, in fens or on the edges of forests, but can also be found on sandy lawns and other dry terrain, provided that the caterpillars' food plant occurs there. In the Alps it rises to altitudes of 1,800 meters.

Way of life

Blossom of the meadow eyebright,
the main food of the caterpillars

The species forms two generations per year in climatically favorable zones, the moths of which fly in the months of May and June or July and August. They are crepuscular and nocturnal and can be attracted by artificial light sources . The eggs are laid on or in the flowers of the food plant. The young caterpillars initially stay completely within the flowers, the opening of which they spin. The adult caterpillars sometimes live gregariously outside of the flowers and rest upside down on the plant during the day. They initially feed on the flowers, later also on the fruits of their main food plant, the meadow eyebright ( Euphrasia rostkoviana ). It is sometimes also Stiff Augentrost ( Euphrasia stricta ) or Yellow tooth Trost ( Odontites luteus assumed) as food. The second generation pupae overwinter.

Danger

The eyebright moth occurs mostly locally and rarely in the individual federal states in Germany, is completely absent in the northern areas and is classified as "critically endangered" on the Red List of Endangered Species . In Baden-Württemberg it was considered extinct for many years. Since 2007, however, some specimens have been detected again , mainly in the Black Forest .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe , Volume 2, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1910, p. 70
  2. ↑ Vladimir Mironov: The Geometrid Moths of the World . In: Axel Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume 4: Larentiinae II. Perizomini and Eupitheciini . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-40-4 (English). , Pp. 93-94
  3. ^ A b Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 , pp. 148-149.
  4. ↑ a b c d Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 . , Pp. 116-119
  5. ↑ Endangerment
  6. ^ Evidence in Baden-Württemberg

literature

  • Vladimir Mironov: The Geometrid Moths of the World . In: Axel Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume 4: Larentiinae II. Perizomini and Eupitheciini . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-40-4 (English).
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
  • Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 .

Web links

Commons : Eyebright Moth  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files