August Wilhelm Beyse

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August Wilhelm Beyse (mostly Beise before 1837 , * around 1798 in Hermansthal , Cammin district in Pomerania ; † August 13, 1852 in Gasconade, State of Missouri in the United States ) was an engineer officer in the Prussian Army , railway engineer and revolutionary of the German Revolution in 1848 / 49 .

Life

August Wilhelm Beyse was second lieutenant in the 18th Infantry Regiment of the Prussian Army with garrison in Cologne and Jülich in 1818, was transferred to the 2nd Company of the 8th Engineer Department in Koblenz in 1819 and was there since 1822 as a member of the 3rd Engineer Brigade involved in the construction of the Koblenz Fortress .

The large kitchens of the Koblenz fortifications were given cooking and baking ovens, the innovative firing system of which had previously been installed in some Darmstadt barracks under the direction of the Württemberg captain von Bruckmann . Beyse improved the combustion technology of these ovens and was able to significantly reduce wood consumption, which was initially not recognized by experts, which is why Beyse justified himself in the publication Treatise on ovens for heating the liquids . In 1828 he was transferred to the federal fortress of Luxembourg , where new cooking stoves were also installed in several forts under his direction. Promoted to prime lieutenant in 1830 , he returned to the fortress construction yard in Koblenz in 1834. After being assigned to the Minden fortress , Beyse asked for his departure in 1837 , which was granted to him with the prospect of civil support and the right to a pension.

In the same year he got a job as chief engineer with the Rhein-Weser-Eisenbahn and in 1838 became a section engineer with the Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft . However , he was suspended from service as early as 1839, primarily because of his incorrect foundation calculations for a railway viaduct . Beyse then undertook several study trips to Belgium, France and England and published the two-part treatise Contributions to Practical Railway Construction . In 1842/43 he worked as a railway engineer in Saxony and Württemberg and then emigrated with his family to Pest , Hungary, in 1844 to take on the position of chief engineer and construction director of the Hungarian Central Railway . Because of a waste of money and inadequate building supervision, he was suspended there on November 2, 1845.

Beyse moved to Breslau in Silesia and used the professional title of “master builder” there. Since April 1848 he took part in a leading position in the Breslau uprisings as part of the revolutionary events that occurred between March 1848 and July 1849 in the German Confederation. He called on the people of Breslau to form a pioneer company under his command for the construction of road barricades, founded the General Breslau Landwehr Association with 2,000 members (also known as Rothkreuze after their badge ) and was finally the leader of the artillery and engineer department in November 1848 the Wroclaw vigilante group. After the uprising was suppressed, Beyse fled to Baden and from there to Strasbourg , France , from where he published an open letter to the high command in Silesia on November 29, 1848. On March 26, 1852, the Breslau City Court issued a profile against Beyse for participating in the riot. On November 1, 1852, the Breslau jury court sentenced him in absentia to four years in prison.

Beyse had meanwhile fled France to the United States. On July 18, 1852, he purchased two properties in Gasconade, Missouri, and died there on August 13, 1852.

family

August Wilhelm Beyse was a son of the farmer Johann Beyse († December 7, 1833) from Hermansthal in Pomerania, was with Helene Heil in his first marriage (August 14, 1820 in Koblenz) and with Helene Heil in his second marriage (November 16, 1837 in Minden) Luise Straub married and had five grown children. Of the two sons, Oskar (born August 2, 1829 in Luxembourg) had accompanied him to the United States, took part in the American Civil War and died in San Francisco in 1876 without heirs. His second son Ignaz (born January 10, 1822 in Koblenz) had stayed in Pest, Hungary, first worked as a teacher and then became a well-known writer on agricultural topics with a focus on wine processing and died in Pest in 1872 without any descendants.

Works (selection)

  • Treatise on ovens for heating liquids, for generating steam and for evaporation Or: Real wood-saving fireplaces are constructed according to the experiments, together with the official experiments that were made on this subject in Coblenz and Ehrenbreitstein during the fortification and a comparison of the value of different types of firewood . Koblenz 1827 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • New method of setting up the ovens, both for baking healthy bread and saving fuel, with special consideration for use by master bakers and master masons . Koblenz 1832 ( digitalniknihovna.cz ).
  • The new kitchens in the military buildings at Luxembourg, which are used with greater advantage than the abolished steam kitchens [Part 1-2] . In: Journal for architecture . tape 8 . Berlin 1835, p. 201-236, 331-337 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • The new cooking stoves in the Garrison Lazarethen in Coblenz, Luxemburg and Mainz . In: Journal for architecture . tape 9 . Berlin 1836, p. 299-320 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Experiments on the resilience of the best-known and most useful building blocks that the Rhenish Slate Mountains and the adjacent Flötz Mountains on the Moselle and in the Ardennes provide, employed in the fortress building yard at Coblenz [Part 1-3] . In: Journal for architecture . tape 9 . Berlin 1836, p. 89-100, 288-298, 321-346 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Experiments on the resilience of the best-known and most useful building blocks supplied by the Rhenish Slate Mountains and the adjacent Flötz Mountains on the Moselle and in the Ardennes, employed in the fortress building yard in Coblenz [Part 4-5] . In: Journal for architecture . tape 10 . Berlin 1836, p. 11-26, 302-314 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Experiments on the resistance of the best-known and most useful building blocks supplied by the Rhenish Slate Mountains and the adjacent Flötz Mountains on the Moselle and in the Ardennes, employed in the fortress building yard in Coblenz [Part 6] . In: Journal for architecture . tape 11 . Berlin 1837, p. 102-104 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Contributions to practical railway construction. Part 1. In addition to a method of building high dams and deep cuts, like experiences with English, American, Belgian, etc. German railways . Karlsruhe 1840 ( slub-dresden.de ).
  • Contributions to practical railway construction. Part 2. Tunnel work in England, France, Belgium and Germany, along with a few remarks about rails, rail chairs, cross sleepers, cubes . Karlsruhe 1841 ( slub-dresden.de ).
  • Description of the construction of railways on piles according to the rapid construction system in America, the construction time and costs of which are very low in comparison with the construction method followed up to now in Europe, along with remarks about railways in Europe compared with those in America . Karlsruhe 1842, urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 1-543195 .
  • Expert opinion on the layout of the train station in Bonn for the Bonn-Cologne railway, together with detailed lighting of the expert opinion by the district builder Märtens in Braunschweig on the same layout; at the instigation of the residents of Bonn . Bonn 1842, urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 1-22019 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolph von Wedell: History of the Royal. Prussian 18th Infantry Regiment from 1813 to 1847 . Posen 1848, p. 257 .
  2. Excerpt from the minutes of the monthly meetings for the months of November and December of the current year . In: Negotiations of the association for the promotion of industry in Prussia . tape 5 . Berlin 1826, p. 249–253, here p. 252 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  3. v. Bruckmann: [Opposition to the article "About new Sparkochheerde"] . In: Supplement to the Neckar newspaper (No. 134) . No. May 8 , 19, 1826 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. Volker Then: Railways and Railway Entrepreneurs in the Industrial Revolution . Göttinge 1997, p. 352–353 ( digital-sammlungen.de ).
  5. Moritz Ullmann: Reply, the conditions of the Hungarian Central Railway. In: Supplement to the Allgemeine Zeitung . No. 16 , January 16, 1846, p. 124–128 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. Eckhard Trox: Military Conservatism: Warrior Associations and "Military Party" in Prussia between 1815 and 1848/49 . Stuttgart 1990, p. 163-164 .
  7. Open letter to a high general command of Silesia . In: Dresdner Zeitung for Saxon and German conditions in general . No. 64 , December 14, 1848, p. 446 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  8. Utassy, ​​Appellant, v. Giedinghagen . In: Reports of cases determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Missouri . tape 132 , 1896, pp. 53-62 .
  9. ^ Archives: Germany, marriages 1558–1929. Existence: Koblenz, Catholic parish Liebfrauen. familysearch.org. 08/14/1820. link
  10. ^ Archives: Freiburg im Breisgau, Catholic cathedral parish. Holdings: registry book, born 1837–1843. Document: Sheet 19 f .. Freiburg State Archives. 08/01/1838. Signature: L 10 No. 1557, 1 volume Link
  11. On the day . In: Community newspaper . No. 135 . Vienna June 15, 1872, p. 5 ( onb.ac.at ).