Auguste Henri Victor Grandjean de Montigny
.jpg)
.jpg)
Auguste Henri Victor Grandjean de Montigny (born July 15, 1776 in Paris , † March 2, 1850 in Rio de Janeiro ) was a French architect and urban planner of classicism who worked in Kassel from 1808 and in Rio de Janeiro from 1816 and also as University professors had great influence.
Life
Auguste Grandjean de Montigny grew up in Paris and studied architecture there with Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine . In 1799 he won the prestigious Prix de Rome with his design for an " Élysée ou cimetière de 500 mètres " (500 meter cemetery) , which enabled him to study classical monuments in Rome for four years . He then returned to France and worked in the service of Napoleon Bonaparte .
In 1807 he was appointed by Jérôme Bonaparte , who had been made King of Westphalia by his brother , as " Premier architecte " in the capital, Kassel . His most important assignment there, after the city palace burned out in 1811, was the redesign and expansion of Bellevue Palace as a residence for Jérôme. In addition, the Museum Fridericianum was converted into the “Palace of Estates” according to his plans and thus became the first German parliament building . Further projects to expand Kassel were no longer implemented, as the Kingdom of Westphalia ceased to exist in 1813. Nevertheless, Grandjean continued to exert a strong influence on the development of Kassel's architecture, especially through his former colleague Johann Conrad Bromeis , who also retained Grandjean's Empire style as later chief building director of Elector Wilhelm II of Hessen-Kassel and passed it on as a teacher.
In 1813 Grandjean had to leave Kassel after the lost battle of the Nations near Leipzig . He returned to Paris, where in the same year his first engraving “ Recueil des plus beaux tombeaux exécutés en Italie pendant les XVe et XVIe siècles ” appeared (collection of the most beautiful graves in Italy of the 15th and 16th centuries). Another work followed in 1815 with Auguste Pierre Sainte Marie Famin : " Architecture Toscane " (Architecture of Tuscany).
After the end of Napoleon's reign , Grandjean also left Paris. He joined a group of artists who, under the direction of Joachim Lebreton, emigrated to Rio de Janeiro at the invitation of the Portuguese government , where in 1808 the court of King John VI. from Portugal had settled. On March 26, 1816, the group , which went down in art history as the French Art Mission , reached Rio de Janeiro. King Johann then founded the “École Royale des Sciences, Arts et Métiers” and commissioned the French to train a new generation of artists and to implement projects in accordance with the rules of the then current classicism. Grandjean was given responsibility for the architecture course. He also designed the building of the new school, which opened as Academia Imperial e Escola das Belas Artes (Imperial Academy and School of Fine Arts) in 1826 during the reign of Emperor Peter I.
On behalf of Johann VI. He also planned the still preserved stock exchange on the " Praça do Comercio " in the center of Rio de Janeiro, which was completed in 1820. Rather simple on the outside, it contains a large, vaulted room on the inside, which is inspired by the style of the Roman basilica and has a dome with a light opening. The main axis is surrounded by galleries with Doric columns.
In 1820 he submitted a plan for the urban redesign of the center of Rio de Janeiro. Among other things, he planned a monumental axis to connect the pier and the imperial palace. Little was implemented from this project.
For himself he built in Gávea in 1826 a large classical house with two floors, which is partly surrounded by galleries with Doric columns. The first floor was accessed via an elegant staircase. The back of the house had two oval rooms.
Numerous projects for Grandjeans were never realized, such as B. his plans for an imperial library (1841) and a senate building (1848). The drawings are now kept in the National Museum of Fine Arts .
Although he hadn't built very much, as a teacher he had a great influence on the development of architecture in Brazil. His students there included the Brazilians Jacinto Rebelo , Teodoro de Oliveira and the Portuguese Joaquim Monteiro and José Francisco Bethencourt da Silva .
Grandjean died in Rio de Janeiro in 1850.
Works
- 1810 Reconstruction and expansion of the Fridericianum Museum as the “Palace of Estates”, Kassel
- 1811 Reconstruction and extension of Palais Bellevue , Kassel (destroyed in 1943)
- 1819–1820 Stock Exchange (today “Casa França-Brasil”), Praça do Comércio, 66 rua Primeiro de Março, Rio de Janeiro
- 1820–1826 Imperial Academy and School of Fine Arts, Rio de Janeiro (demolished in 1938, portico moved to the Botanical Garden)
- 1823–1826 Own house (today the PUC cultural center ), 225 de la rua Marquês de São Vicente, Gávea
- 1834–1841 Fish Market (Mercado do Peixe), on the Praça Quinze de Novembro in Rio de Janeiro (broken off in 1903)
- 1844 fountain commemorating the arrival of Empress Teresa Cristina (demolished around 1940)
- 1846 Villa Luzinha, Rio de Janeiro
- 1846 fountain for São Clemente Street, Rio de Janeiro (today moved to Rocio Pequeno, Praça Antônio Virzeu)
Unfinished projects
- 1799 beautification project for the Champs-Élysées , Paris
- 1801 Project for the transition from the Louvre to the Tuileries Palace , Paris
- 1801 orphanage in Italy
- 1808 Casino in Kassel
- 1808 Royal palace and garden for King Jérôme, Kassel
- 1816 Roman triumphal arch
- 1820 plan for the urban redesign of the center of Rio de Janeiro
- 1825–1826 Project for a new imperial palace (“Palácio Imperial”) in Rio de Janeiro
- 1827 Redesign of the "Campo de Santana" (today "Praça da República"), Rio de Janeiro
- 1831 Monument for the "Campo da Honra" in memory of April 7, 1831, Rio de Janeiro
- 1841 Imperial Library, Rio de Janeiro
- 1841 Conversion of the São Joaquim seminar to the "Pedro II College", Rio de Janeiro
- 1848 Imperial Senate Palace (“Paço do Senado”), Rio de Janeiro
Publications
- Recueil des plus beaux Tombeaux exécutés en Italie pendant les XVe et XVIe siècles , Paris 1813
- Architecture de la Toscane , Paris 1815
literature
- Adolfo Morales de los Rios Filho: Granjean de Montigny ea evolução da arte brasileira . Rio de Janeiro: Empresa A Noite, 1941.
- Afonso de Escragnolle Taunay: A missão artística de 1816 . Brasília: Universidade de Brasília, 1983.
Web links
- Graphic Collection Kassel, Photo Marburg: 22 drawings of Grandjeans de Montigny 1807–1813
- The French artistic mission and Grandjean de Montigny (blog of June 11, 2010, accessed May 2, 2013)
Individual evidence
- ^ Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural . Biography from July 19, 2009 (Portuguese). Retrieved April 2, 2017.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Grandjean de Montigny, Auguste Henri Victor |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French architect and urban planner |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 15, 1776 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 2, 1850 |
| Place of death | Rio de Janeiro |