Auguste heart

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Auguste Herz (born June 8, 1824 as Auguste Wilhelmine Kachler in Leipzig , † June 6, 1880 in Altenburg ) was one of the "most important students" of Froebel , founder and head of a kindergarten and director of courses for the training of Froebel kindergarten teachers . Later she practiced extremely successfully as a recognized orthopedist with her own practice.

Live and act

As a young girl, she suffered from epileptic seizures. This went hand in hand with nervous conditions. The science of the time couldn't help heart. They saw contemporary interpretations in part as a medium (communications from Auguste K.'s magical sleep life, 1843). Because of her illness she did not receive a regular higher education, later she made up for this deficiency as an autodidact. Friedrich Wieck , Clara Schumann's father , gave her private music lessons. It was planned to train her to be a concert singer, but she was not interested in it herself. The painter Karl Bär portrayed them.

In November 1843 Auguste Kachler married the philosopher and private scholar Heinrich Wilhelm Herz . Nine children were born to the couple. Like her husband, "Frau Doctor Herz" was politically active, including being the chairwoman of the democratic women's association in Dresden . When Friedrich Fröbel came to Dresden and held courses for kindergarten teachers there, she took part in a training course. The eminent pedagogue attested to his pupil that she was “really so favored for fulfilling the high educational profession through a rare combination of favorable circumstances and circumstances”. To perfect her education, Auguste Herz went on a study trip, which she u. a. led to Erfurt, Gotha, Frankfurt / Main and Darmstadt. In the cities mentioned, she studied institutions for children aged 3 to 6 years.

Together with her husband, she founded an educational association that established the first Volkskindergarten in Dresden on Äußere Rampischen Gasse (pt., 1st floor) ( Auguste Scheibe was also involved). Auguste Herz took over the management of the facility. In addition to "the general and formal preparatory exercises for the mental abilities of the little ones for later school life", the "cultivation of the emotional life, the awakening of the first religious ideas and feelings" was the focus of her pedagogy, which she illustrated with the following practical example:

So one day I saw a girl tear off a flower; I did not refer her to this bad habit, which I had previously pointed out to all children together, now not with words, but waited until the little ones were busy with light paperwork. Then I went to the unskilled flower-picker, took her work in hand and plucked out a few shavings of paper, so that the little work of art thereby became quite inconspicuous. The little girl and her neighbors were affected by this and looked at me questioningly; I returned the work to the girl and said: See how it hurts you to watch your work being destroyed here, it also hurts God when you willfully tear off his little flowers, which he has formed so beautifully with the same passion for the joy of us all . This single remark was successful in the fact that in all summer never a child tore off a flower again .

But the kindergarten should also consider children's play as a special means of upbringing and education:

The most essential and characteristic feature of the educational method of the kindergarten is that play, - the happy treasure of the children's world, with, on and in which the child first exercises and develops all his powers, - at the same time, however, is a useful and effective means of education and training brings into application .

In addition to her duties as mother and kindergarten director , Auguste Herz also held courses on the education of kindergarten teachers . This resulted in her publication “Home Education and Kindergarten”, which was highly regarded at the time and appeared in the second edition five years later. In 1851 the kindergarten and its training courses were banned. One saw “a nursery of democracy” in her kindergarten.

After the May uprising in Dresden (3 to 9 May 1849) her husband was to lifelong prison sentenced, dismissed as ill man after four years. Despite all the uncertainty, she continued her education in private anatomical lessons. After his release, Auguste Herz and her husband became head of the nursing home for mentally handicapped children in Buschbad near Meißen. Her healing successes were remarkable, and the institution eventually accepted adults as well. Herz gave lectures on gymnastic exercises and orthopedic examinations. In 1866 a cholera epidemic forced the facility to close. Auguste Herz took lessons in gymnastics and orthopedic gymnastics from Professor Bock in Leipzig. She concentrated on orthopedics for women and was able to open an orthopedic practice in Dresden. She also practiced in hospitals in and around Dresden. Her husband became head of an educational institution in Altenburg . Auguste Herz got a job as an orthopedist and gymnastics expert at the Duke's Fräuleinstift. Herz was so respected that her patients included members of the ducal family and the wife of Albrechts von Prussia. In Bayreuth she treated Richard Wagner .

In 1870/71 she went to the military hospitals and gave therapeutic gymnastics lessons for the rehabilitation of disabled people. For this she was the first civil woman to receive the Iron Cross with the Red Cross.

Maintenance of tradition

The Auguste-Herz-Forum named after her is a research and innovation project in cooperation between the TU Dresden and the Comenius Institute Dresden, funded by the Ministry of Social Affairs in Saxony. Staff: S. Kleber (TU Dresden), C. Wustmann (TU Dresden), Liebscher-Schibiella (Comenius Institute) and C. Köhlen (EFB).

Works (selection)

  • About the moral education of children, their first religious instruction in the kindergarten, in: Friedrich Fröbels Wochenschrift 1850, p. 97 ff.
  • Home education and kindergarten. Lectures for women and virgins who want to become educators for the family or kindergarten, Leipzig 1851
  • From the nursery, in: Die Gartenlaube 1855 / H. 37, p. 490 ff.
  • Wave to parents about the mental deficiencies of young children. Recognition and treatment of the first traces of mental weakness, in: Die Gartenlaube 1859 / H. 14, p. 206 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ König 1990, p. 351
  2. ^ Friedrichstrasse Dresden
  3. ↑ cit. n. http://www.bbf.dipf.de/edUNGEN/froebel/fb1849-01-30-01.html
  4. ↑ cit. n. Riedel 1941, p. 15
  5. ↑ cit. n. Riedel 1941, p. 15
  6. ↑ Herz 1851, p. 232
  7. ↑ Herz 1851, SV
  8. ^ Bibliography Friedrich Froebel entry number 4396

literature

  • Address book of the city of Dresden 1850
  • The children were her love. Auguste Herz - Fighter for Democracy and Progress (I), in: Sächsisches Tageblatt from 14./15. June 1975
  • Proven as a humanist indeed. Auguste Herz - Fighter for Democracy and Progress (I), in: Sächsisches Tageblatt from 21./22. June 1975
  • LUDWIG, Johanna and MIDDELL, Katharina (ed.): "... half of humanity was still without rights". Human Rights for Women - Women for Human Rights. Documentation for the exhibition. Leipzig 1998
  • Leipzig larks. Women remember. 2nd episode, published by the Louise-Otto-Peters-Gesellschaft e. V. Editor Johanna Ludwig u. Hannelore Rothenburg. Beucha 2000, 42 pp. (LOUISEum 11/2)
  • Helmut König : My dear Mr. Froebel! Letters from women and virgins to the friend of children and people, Berlin 1990
  • Lina Morgenstern : The women of the 19th century: Biographical and cultural-historical time and character paintings. Verlag der Deutschen Hausfrauenzeitung, 1891 p. 110ff.
  • Kurt Riedel: The Dresden kindergarten teacher Auguste Herz, born Kachler, first civil bearer of the Iron Cross with Red Cross, Dresden 1941 (typewritten)

Web links

Wikisource: Auguste Herz  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Heart, auguste
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kachler, Auguste
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator
DATE OF BIRTH June 8, 1824
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH June 6, 1880
Place of death Altenburg